Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of a general Korean population used in this study (n = 282,135).
| BMI category | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Underweight (n = 15,462) | Normal (n = 188,490) | Obese (n = 78,183) | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Female (%) | 87.9 | 52.2 | 22.9 | <0.001 |
| Male (%) | 12.1 | 47.8 | 77.1 | |
| Age (years) | 35.4 ± 7.8 | 39.6 ± 9.3 | 41.0 ± 9.3 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 17.6 ± 0.7 | 22.0 ± 1.8 | 27.4 ± 2.2 | <0.001 |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 88.9 ± 9.2 | 93.7 ± 13.1 | 100.1 ± 18.3 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 179.2 ± 28.9 | 191.5 ± 33.0 | 204.5 ± 35.6 | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 67.7 ± 28.0 | 98.1 ± 62.2 | 153.0 ± 98.0 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | 70.6 ± 14.4 | 60.4 ± 14.6 | 50.2 ± 12.0 | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mg/dl) | 98.5 ± 24.6 | 116.4 ± 30.6 | 131.6 ± 32.0 | <0.001 |
| Albumin (g/dl) | 4.56 ± 0.2 | 4.55 ± 0.2 | 4.58 ± 0.2 | <0.001 |
| Total protein (g/dl) | 7.29 ± 0.4 | 7.26 ± 0.4 | 7.31 ± 0.4 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.5 ± 0.3 | 5.6 ± 0.4 | 5.8 ± 0.6 | <0.001 |
| Fasting insulin (uIU/ml) | 4.0 ± 2.2 | 5.3 ± 4.6 | 8.8 ± 5.5 | <0.001 |
| hsCRP (mg/L) | 0.07 ± 0.42 | 0.09 ± 0.30 | 0.15 ± 0.33 | <0.001 |
| Height (cm) | 163.2 ± 6.4 | 166.5 ± 8.4 | 169.9 ± 8.3 | <0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 47.0 ± 4.2 | 61.3 ± 8.8 | 79.2 ± 10.1 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 66.5 ± 3.9 | 78.4 ± 6.5 | 92.1 ± 6.6 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 97.3 ± 9.5 | 105.1 ± 12.1 | 115.2 ± 12.4 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 63.8 ± 7.9 | 68.2 ± 9.5 | 74.7 ± 10.1 | <0.001 |
| Smoking (pack-year) | 1.2 ± 4.7 | 3.8 ± 7.7 | 7.2 ± 9.7 | <0.001 |
| Smoking | ||||
| Never smoked (%) | 86.3 | 64.9 | 43.1 | <0.001 |
| Former smoker (%) | 5.6 | 16.2 | 24.6 | |
| Current smoker (%) | 8.1 | 18.8 | 32.3 | |
| Vigorous exercise (times/week) | 0.6 ± 1.3 | 0.9 ± 1.5 | 1.0 ± 1.5 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 1.3 | 6.1 | 16.8 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes (%) | 0.6 | 2.1 | 4.8 | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 0.9 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 1.1 | 2.2 ± 1.7 | <0.001 |
Data are presented as percentage or mean ± standard deviation.
BMI categories: normal (between 18.5 and 25 kg/m2), underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), and obese (≥25 kg/m2).
BMI, body mass index; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.