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. 2019 Oct 4;9:14323. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-50803-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Comparison of frequency-dependence of velocity storage and vestibular migraine thresholds. (A) Frequency-dependence of the “indirect” velocity storage pathway (simulated with the Raphan and Strum model⁵²) using the T_VS measured in VM patients (20.9 s) and an arbitrary gain value. The combination of the canal high-pass filter and the velocity storage low-pass filter in series yields an output that peaks between the canal and velocity storage cut-off frequencies (approximately 0.03 Hz and 0.01 Hz respectively). (B) Threshold abnormality in VM patients to roll tilt stimuli (VM threshold – [non-VM] threshold) for each frequency, using geometric means, including the “quasi-static DC” results^13,28.