Figure 8.

Schematic overview of apatinib action in A549 xenograft mice. In brief, beyond its anti‐angiogenic effects, apatinib can directly activate peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (PPARα) in liver and subsequently affect fatty acid metabolism of liver with increased 3‐hydroxybutyrate (3‐HB) production which may partly contribute to its antitumor effect. AcAc, acetoacetate; AcAc‐CoA, acetoacetyl‐CoA; ACSL, long chain acyl‐CoA synthase; FA, fatty acid; FA‐CoA, fatty acid coenzyme A; FATP, fatty acid transport protein; HMGCL, hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA lyase; HMGCS2, hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA synthetase; VEGF‐R, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor