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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurosurg. 2019 Jul 1;131(1):1–13. doi: 10.3171/2019.3.JNS181724

FIG. 4.

FIG. 4.

Spectrum of clinical manifestations of CAs. Symptomatic hemorrhage, with a rigorously adjudicated definition, is a singular clinical event with distinct clinical implications regarding future risk and deploying clinical interventions. Figure modified with permission from Al-Shahi Salman R, Berg MJ, Morrison L, Awad IA: Hemorrhage from cavernous malformations of the brain: definition and reporting standards. Angioma Alliance Scientific Advisory Board. Stroke 39:3222–3230, 2008.