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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurosurg. 2019 Jul 1;131(1):1–13. doi: 10.3171/2019.3.JNS181724

FIG. 6.

FIG. 6.

Diagram of signaling aberrations associated with CA model systems. ANGPT2 = angiopoietin 2; APC = activated protein C; BMP6 = bone morphogenetic protein 6; CDC42 = cell division control protein 42; EndMT = endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition; EPCR = endothelial protein C receptor; EPHB4 = ephrin type-B receptor 4; ERK = extracellular signal–regulated kinase; FVa = factor Va; FVIIa = factor VIIa; GDP = guanosine diphosphate; GTP = guanosine triphosphate; HEG1 = Heart of Glass; ICAP1 = integrin cytoplasmic domain-associated protein–1; KLF = Krüppel-like factor; LPS = lipopolysaccharide; MEF2 = myocyte enhancer factor 2; MST3 = serine/threonine kinase 24; MST4 = serine/threonine kinase 26; NOTCH = translocation-associated Notch protein; pMLC = phosphorylated myosin light-chain; pSmad = transforming growth factor–beta–signaling protein 1; Rap1 = Ras-related protein 1; RhoA = Ras homolog gene family member A; ROCK = Rho-associated protein kinase; SMURF1 = SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1; SOK1 = serine/threonine kinase 25; STRIPAK = striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase; TGFβ1R = transforming growth factor–β1 receptor; TIE2 = TEK receptor tyrosine kinase; TLR4 = Toll-like receptor 4; TM = thrombomodulin; TSP-1 = thrombospondin-1; UNC13 = UNC13 homolog; VAMP3 = vesicle-associated membrane protein 3; VE-cadherin = vascular endothelial cadherin; VEGFA = vascular endothelial growth factor A; VEGFR2 = VEGF receptor 2; ZO1 = zona occludens-1.