Table 1.
Demographic, lifestyle, and clinical characteristics of 463 postmenopausal women diagnosed with colorectal cancer in the WHI-DM and OS by tertiles of E-DII score from diet plus supplements, Women’s Health Initiative, 1993–2015.
| Most anti-inflammatory diet E-DII tertile 1 (−6.80, −3.91) Median: −4.65 | E-DII tertile 2 (−3.90, −2.09) Median: −3.16 | Most pro-inflammatory diet E-DII tertile 3 (−2.08, 3.25) Median: −0.37 | P-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 155 | 154 | 154 | |
| Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | ||
| Age at colorectal cancer diagnosis (years) | 67.8 (0.5) | 67.5 (0.6) | 68.0 (0.5) | 0.84 |
| Years from colorectal cancer diagnosis to FFQ | 1.6 (0.09) | 1.5 (0.09) | 1.6 (0.1) | 0.61 |
| Years from colorectal cancer diagnosis to death from any cause | 7.4 (0.9) | 6.9 (0.5) | 6.1 (0.5) | 0.31 |
| Total energy intake after cancer diagnosis (kcal/day) | 1331 (35) | 1549 (50) | 1620 (57) | <.001 |
| BMI at baseline (kg/m 2 ) | 27.4 (0.4) | 28.9 (0.4) | 30.0 (0.5) | 0.001 |
| Physical activity at baseline (Met-hours/week) b | 12.7 (0.9) | 11.2 (1.0) | 9.3 (1.1) | 0.06 |
| N(%) c | N (%) c | N (%) c | ||
| WHI components | 0.001 | |||
| WHI OS | 75 (48.4) | 58 (37.7) | 47 (30.5) | |
| WHI DM-intervention | 42 (27.1) | 37 (24.0) | 31 (20.1) | |
| WHI DM-control | 38 (24.5) | 59 (38.3) | 76 (49.4) | |
| Race/ Ethnicity | 0.11 | |||
| White non-Hispanic | 135 (87.1) | 126 (81.8) | 122 (79.2) | |
| Hispanic/Latino | 2 (1.3) | 3 (2.0) | 6 (3.9) | |
| Black/African-American | 9 (5.8) | 21 (13.6) | 20 (13.0) | |
| Other | 9 (5.8) | 4 (2.6) | 6 (3.9) | |
| Income level | 0.41 | |||
| <20,000 | 26 (16.8) | 25 (16.2) | 34 (22.1) | |
| 20,000–49,999 | 70 (45.2) | 77 (50.0) | 81 (45.51) | |
| >=50,000 | 50 (32.3) | 45 (29.2) | 44 (24.72) | |
| missing | 9 (5.8) | 7 (4.6) | 16 (8.99) | |
| Education level | 0.01 | |||
| High school or below | 36 (23.2) | 49 (31.8) | 65 (42.2) | |
| Some college | 57 (36.8) | 36 (23.4) | 45 (29.2) | |
| College | 19 (12.3) | 20 (13.0) | 15 (9.7) | |
| Post graduate | 42 (27.1) | 49 (31.8) | 28 (18.2) | |
| Missing | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.7) | |
| Cancer stage | 0.001 | |||
| Localized | 96 (61.9) | 69 (44.8) | 77 (50.0) | |
| Regional | 54 (34.8) | 79 (51.3) | 61 (39.6) | |
| Distant | 3 (1.9) | 4 (2.6) | 15 (9.7) | |
| Unknown | 2 (1.3) | 2 (1.3) | 1 (0.7) | |
| Smoking status at baseline | 0.17 | |||
| Never smoked | 77 (49.7) | 79 (51.3) | 65 (42.2) | |
| Past smoker | 62 (40.0) | 69 (44.8) | 72 (46.8) | |
| Current smoker | 13 (8.4) | 6 (3.9) | 15 (9.7) | |
| Missing | 3 (1.9) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.3) | |
| Cancer site | 0.22 | |||
| Colon cancer | 127 (81.9) | 115 (74.7) | 105 (68.2) | |
| Rectum cancer | 18 (11.6) | 23 (14.9) | 31 (20.1) | |
| Rectosigmoid cancer | 9 (5.8) | 15 (9.7) | 16 (10.4) | |
| At two of the above three locations simultaneously | 1 (0.7) | 1 (0.7) | 2 (1.3) | |
| Grade of cancer differentiation | 0.38 | |||
| Well differentiated | 16 (10.3) | 9 (5.8) | 16 (10.4) | |
| Moderately differentiated | 106 (68.4) | 97 (63.0) | 100 (64.9) | |
| Poorly differentiated | 22 (14.2) | 33 (21.4) | 26 (16.9) | |
| Unknown/not done | 10 (6.5) | 15 (9.7) | 10 (6.5) | |
| Anaplastic | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.3) |
a.
P value was calculated from ANOVA test for categorical variables and from Chi-Square test for categorical variables
b.
Total expenditure of energy from recreational physical activity (includes walking, mild, moderate and strenuous physical activity in kcal/week/kg)
c.
The sum of percentages in certain E-DII tertiles for some categorical variables may not add up to 100% because of rounding