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Influences of predictability on subjective ratings of pain intensity and unpleasantness. Differential ratings (HP − LP) of pain intensity and unpleasantness that were elicited by self-pain and other-pain stimulations were compared between certain and uncertain conditions. Data are mean ± SEM. Asterisks (*P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001; n.s.: P > 0.05) mark significance (pairwise t-test) for the hypothesis that uncertainty would reduce the perception of self-pain and other-pain.
