Table 1.
Baseline demographic characteristics of participants (n=30).
| Demographic characteristics | Alcohol dependence (n=6) | Opioid dependence (n=17) | Cannabis dependence (n=2) | Stimulant dependence (n=5) | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 43.7 (11.64) | 47.9 (11.8) | 58.0 (1.4) | 37.6 (7.0) | |
| Nationality, n (%) | |||||
| Singaporean | 4 (66.7) | 16 (94.1) | 2 (100) | 5 (100) | |
| Others | 2 (33.3) | 1 (5.9) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Gender, n (%) | |||||
| Male | 4 (66.7) | 15 (88.2) | 2 (100) | 5 (100) | |
| Female | 2 (33.3) | 2 (11.8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Race, n (%) | |||||
| Chinese | 2 (33.3) | 2 (13.3) | 0 (0) | 3 (60.0) | |
| Malay | 1 (16.7) | 11 (64.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Indian | 3 (50.0) | 3 (17.6) | 1 (50.0) | 2 (40.0) | |
| Others | 0 (0) | 1 (5.9) | 1 (50.0) | 0 (0) | |
| Religion, n (%) | |||||
| Christianity | 2 (33.3) | 4 (23.5) | 0 (0) | 2 (40) | |
| Hinduism | 1 (16.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (40) | |
| Muslim | 2 (33.3) | 12 (70.6) | 2 (100) | 0 (0) | |
| Others | 1 (16.7) | 1 (5.9) | 0 (0) | 1 (20) | |
| Education, n (%) | |||||
| Primary education | 2 (33.3) | 3 (17.6) | 1 (50.0) | 1 (20.0) | |
| Secondary education | 2 (33.3) | 11 (64.7) | 1 (50.0) | 2 (40.0) | |
| Junior college/polytechnic/technical studies | 1 (16.7) | 3 (17.6) | 0 (0) | 1 (20.0) | |
| Undergraduate studies | 1 (16.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (20.0) | |
| Employment, n (%) | |||||
| Unemployed | 6 (100) | 12 (70.6) | 1 (50.00) | 4 (80.0) | |
| Part-time employment | 0 (0) | 1 (5.9) | 1 (50.0) | 1 (20.0) | |
| Full-time employment | 0 (0) | 4 (23.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Housing, n (%) | |||||
| Homeless | 1 (16.7) | 3 (17.6) | 0 (0) | 2 (40.0) | |
| 1 room | 3 (50.0) | 5 (29.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| 2 rooms | 0 (0) | 2 (11.8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| 3 rooms | 1 (16.7) | 1 (5.9) | 0 (0) | 1 (20) | |
| 4 rooms | 1 (16.7) | 3 (17.6) | 1 (50.0) | 2 (40.0) | |
| 5 rooms | 0 (0) | 2 (11.8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Others | 0 (0) | 1 (5.9) | 1 (50.0) | 0 (0) | |
| Presence of other chronic diseases, n (%) | 3 (50.0) | 7 (41.2) | 1 (50.0) | 1 (20.0) | |
| Presence of psychiatric disorder, n (%) | 1 (16.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (40) | |
| Severity of Substance Dependence scores, mean (SD) | 11.2 (1.9) | 11.7 (2.2) | 9.0 (5.7) | 8.8 (4.5) | |
| Short Form-12 questionnaire scores, mean (SD) | |||||
| Physical health composite scores | 40.5 (24.5) | 54.7 (21.6) | 82.0 (15.6) | 70.2 (21.2) | |
| Mental health composite scores | 29.3 (11.1) | 41.0 (17.3) | 52.0 (0) | 39.2 (24.3) | |
| Total scores | 33.7 (9.2) | 46.5 (16.3) | 64.5 (6.4) | 51.4 (15.2) | |