Table 2.
Participant | Drug | Baseline | Session 1 | Session 2 | Session 3 | Session 4 | Session 5 | Overall change in attentional bias | ||||||
Attentional bias | Task ratio (neutral: drug) | Attentional bias | Task ratio (neutral: drug) | Attentional bias | Task ratio (neutral: drug) | Attentional bias | Task ratio (neutral: drug) | Attentional bias | Task ratio (neutral: drug) | Attentional bias | Task ratio (neutral: drug) | |||
1 | Stimulants | 30.3 | 96:100 | 70.6 | 99:101 | 36.3 | 98:102 | 9.3 | 98:102 | –23.6 | 96:98 | 13.3 | 99:99 | 17 |
2a | Stimulants | –22.4 | 103:97 | –23.4 | 97:103 | –11.7 | 95:105 | N/Ab | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 10.7 (increased) |
3 | Stimulants | 6.7 | 100:100 | –3.6 | 98:101 | –28.9 | 99:99 | –11.3 | 100:99 | 4.1 | 100:99 | –7.3 | 100:99 | 14 |
4c | Opioid | 32.1 | 96:93 | 28.7 | 99:100 | 12.2 | 99:100 | 31.2 | 100:99 | 20.1 | 100:99 | N/A | N/A | 12 |
5c | Alcohol | 91.2 | 97:98 | –23.3 | 100:99 | –37.4 | 100:99 | –5.3 | 99:100 | –33.2 | 99:100 | N/A | N/A | 124.4 |
6c | Opioid | 98.9 | 28:116 | 33.4 | 60:46:00 | 14.5 | 71:66 | –9.7 | 88:86 | –31.5 | 86:84 | N/A | N/A | 130.4 |
7 | Stimulants | –30.5 | 100:100 | –13.5 | 100:99 | –23.4 | 98:99 | –27.7 | 100:99 | –28.2 | 98:99 | –7.6 | 96:99 | 22.9 (increased) |
8a | Opioids | 58.7 | 36:56:00 | 85.1 | 40:57:00 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 26.4 (increased) |
9a | Opioids | 25.8 | 97:97 | 13.5 | 96:98 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 12.3 |
10 | Cannabis | –9.9 | 97:99 | –20.7 | 60:40:00 | –54.6 | 93:90 | –14.1 | 96:95 | –22.9 | 99:100 | –48.4 | 100:99 | 38.5 |
11 | Opioids | –30.9 | 33:66 | 2.4 | 97:97 | –15.4 | 99:99 | –7.4 | 97:99 | 14.2 | 99:99 | 7.3 | 98:99 | 38.2 (increased) |
12a | Opioids | 0.7 | 99:97 | 34.8 | 100:99 | –15.3 | 98:99 | –52.4 | 100:98 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 53.1 |
13 | Alcohold | –20.9 | 99:98 | –12.3 | 100:98 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | –75.8 | 90:92 | –48.6 | 99:100 | 27.7 |
14a | Alcohol | 397.7 | 26:94 | 44.2 | 97:98 | 45.3 | 99:99 | –32.0 | 98:100 | –11.7 | 99:100 | 409.4 | ||
15 | Cannabis | –7.7 | 100:96 | –40.5 | 100:99 | 8.6 | 99:100 | –33.6 | 99:99 | –31.8 | 99:100 | –50.3 | 100:99 | 42.6 |
16a | Opioids | –27.4 | 93:96 | N/Ad | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
17 | Opioids | –42.5 | 49:49:00 | –64.8 | 75:71 | 63.4 | 63:61 | 8.9 | 73:78 | –15.5 | 78:82 | 26.7 | 96:92 | 69.2 (increased) |
18 | Opioids | 27.9 | 92:92 | –17.8 | 99:96 | 3.2 | 100:99 | –22.6 | 97:97 | –104.6 | 99:99 | –9.2 | 97:95 | 37.1 |
19a | Opioids | 3.8 | 99:96 | 35.1 | 99:98 | 13.7 | 99:98 | 32.4 | 100:98 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 28.6 (increased) |
20 | Opioids | 10.1 | 99:98 | 9.4 | 100:98 | 105.2 | 99:98 | 54.1 | 100:99 | –1.7 | 100:99 | 20.3 | 99:100 | 10.2 (increased) |
21 | Alcohol | 224.5 | 79:54:00 | 61.5 | 98:97 | 73.3 | 99:100 | 176.7 | 94:97 | 130.3 | 98:100 | 107 | 99:97 | 117.4 |
22 | Opioids | –52.9 | 100:99 | 10.9 | 99:100 | 5.6 | 98:98 | 39.1 | 99:99 | 36.5 | 98:100 | 76.6 | 99:100 | 129.6 (increased) |
23 | Opioids | –36.4 | 96:97 | 18 | 95:96 | 45 | 98:97 | 74.8 | 97:97 | 35.9 | 94:96 | 41.3 | 100:97 | 77.7 (increased) |
24 | Opioids | –16.9 | 97:97 | 45.2 | 99:98 | 1.49 | 100:99 | 3.8 | 99:100 | 33.9 | 99:100 | N/A | N/A | 50.8 (increased) |
26a | Opioids | –77.1 | 84:79 | –82.5 | 92:91 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 5.4 |
27 | Stimulants | –15.2 | 100:100 | –11.6 | 98:100 | 10.1 | 98:100 | –27.0 | 99:97 | –25.7 | 100:98 | –1.6 | 98:100 | 13.6 (increased) |
28 | Alcohol | –33.3 | 99:100 | –29.4 | 99:98 | –48.3 | 99:100 | –10.9 | 99:100 | –15.6 | 99:100 | –11.6 | 100:99 | 21.8 (increased) |
29a | Alcohol | –41.4 | 98:100 | –18.0 | 99:99 | 20.6 | 99:99 | 28.2 | 99:100 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 69.6 (increased) |
30 | Opioids | 1.3 | 96:94 | 38.6 | 98:93 | 7.9 | 98:95 | 11.5 | 98:91 | 13 | 98:98 | –8.9 | 99:98 | 10.2 |
31 | Opioids | –38.4 | 88:62 | –282.7 | 96:33:00 | –166.4 | 96:03:00 | –190.1 | 97:03:00 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 151.6 |
aParticipants did not complete the study, as they left the voluntary program.
bN/A: Not available.
cThere was a holiday during the participant’s stay, and hence, the maximum number of sessions completed was four.
dDue to a technical issue, participant 13 was not administered an assessment task following the second intervention, and the participant took another intervention task instead. Attentional bias assessment was performed only after the fourth session.