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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Oct 7.
Published in final edited form as: Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2013 Nov 5;95(2):353–359. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2013.10.015

Table 1.

Description of the four balance tests conducted in this study; BESS, Mod. BESS, Inst BESS, and Inst. Mod. BESS.

Test Non-Instrumented Instrumented
BESS (6 trials) Body Positions • Feet together stance
• Single leg stance
• Tandem stance
Eyes closed for all trials
• Feet together stance
• Single leg stance
• Tandem stance
Eyes closed for all trials
Standing Conditions • Firm surface
• Foam surface
20 seconds for all trials
• Firm surface
• Foam surface
30 seconds for all trials
Measure Subjective counting of errors in body position
Scored (0–10); min=0; max= 60
Sway
Root mean square (RMS; m/s2)
Modified BESS (3 trials) Body Positions • Feet together stance
• Single leg stance
• Tandem stance
Eyes closed for all trials
• Feet together stance
• Single leg stance
• Tandem stance
Eyes closed for all trials
Standing Conditions • Firm surface
20 seconds for all trials
• Firm surface
30 seconds for all trials
Measure Subjective counting of errors in body position
Scored (0–10); min=0; max= 30
Sway
Root mean square (RMS; m/s2)