. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Oct 7.

Published in final edited form as: Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2013 Nov 5;95(2):353–359. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2013.10.015

Table 1.

Description of the four balance tests conducted in this study; BESS, Mod. BESS, Inst BESS, and Inst. Mod. BESS.

Test		Non-Instrumented	Instrumented
BESS (6 trials)	Body Positions	• Feet together stance • Single leg stance • Tandem stance Eyes closed for all trials	• Feet together stance • Single leg stance • Tandem stance Eyes closed for all trials
	Standing Conditions	• Firm surface • Foam surface 20 seconds for all trials	• Firm surface • Foam surface 30 seconds for all trials
	Measure	Subjective counting of errors in body position Scored (0–10); min=0; max= 60	Sway Root mean square (RMS; m/s²)

Modified BESS (3 trials)	Body Positions	• Feet together stance • Single leg stance • Tandem stance Eyes closed for all trials	• Feet together stance • Single leg stance • Tandem stance Eyes closed for all trials
	Standing Conditions	• Firm surface 20 seconds for all trials	• Firm surface 30 seconds for all trials
	Measure	Subjective counting of errors in body position Scored (0–10); min=0; max= 30	Sway Root mean square (RMS; m/s²)