Table 3.
Coach–player comparisons of significant differences within go-zone displays.
| M | SD | M | SD | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fun-determinanta | Coaches (n = 35) | Players (n = 141) | r | Fun-factor | ||
| Getting compliments from coaches (1) | 4.51** | 0.70 | 3.74 | 0.97 | 0.34 | PC |
| Being around your friends (23) | 4.51** | 0.66 | 3.85 | 1.07 | 0.26 | TF |
| Being congratulated for playing well (41) | 4.46** | 0.61 | 3.67 | 1.06 | 0.32 | GTS |
| Trying your best (73) | 4.40** | 0.85 | 4.80 | 0.50 | 0.25 | TH |
| Being strong and confident (20) | 4.09* | 0.89 | 4.50 | 0.71 | 0.22 | TH |
| Talking and goofing off with teammates (34) | 4.09** | 1.07 | 3.09 | 1.35 | 0.30 | TF |
| Scrimmaging during practice (49) | 4.09* | 1.07 | 3.69 | 0.99 | 0.20 | P |
| Having your parent(s) watch your games (11) | 4.06** | 0.97 | 3.35 | 1.18 | 0.24 | GTS |
| Hanging with teammates outside of practice or games (51) | 4.06* | 1.00 | 3.48 | 1.21 | 0.20 | TF |
| A coach who knows a lot about the sport (13) | 4.00* | 0.94 | 4.45 | 0.71 | 0.21 | PC |
| Exercising and being active (5) | 3.94** | 1.06 | 4.66 | 0.58 | 0.35 | TH |
| A coach that jokes around (33) | 3.91** | 0.95 | 3.06 | 1.13 | 0.30 | PC |
| Working hard (58) | 3.91** | 0.92 | 4.77 | 0.53 | 0.46 | TH |
| High-fiving, fist-bumping, hugging (39) | 3.89** | 1.16 | 3.04 | 1.17 | 0.28 | TR |
| When players show good sportsmanship (70) | 3.89* | 0.99 | 4.35 | 0.88 | 0.21 | PTD |
| End-of-season/team parties (3) | 3.46* | 1.15 | 2.76 | 1.22 | 0.23 | TR |
| Getting/staying in shape (67) | 3.43** | 1.20 | 4.62 | 0.62 | 0.46 | TH |
| Doing team rituals (24) | 3.40* | 1.09 | 2.68 | 1.30 | 0.22 | TR |
| A ref who makes consistent calls (28) | 3.40* | 1.27 | 4.02 | 1.05 | 0.21 | GTS |
| Wearing a special, cool uniform (48) | 3.31** | 1.21 | 2.46 | 1.24 | 0.27 | S |
| Taking water breaks during practice (18) | 3.23** | 1.26 | 4.06 | 1.11 | 0.28 | P |
| Warming up and stretching as a team (68) | 3.23* | 1.09 | 3.95 | 1.01 | 0.26 | PTD |
| Getting pictures taken (59) | 2.69* | 1.28 | 2.01 | 1.10 | 0.22 | S |
| Playing rough (15) | 1.97** | 0.95 | 3.09 | 1.28 | 0.35 | TH |
| Coachesa (n = 19) |
Younger playersa (n = 95) |
|||||
| Getting compliments from coaches (1) | 4.37* | 0.83 | 3.84 | 0.92 | 0.24 | PC |
| Trying your best (73) | 4.37* | 0.90 | 4.81 | 0.49 | 0.26 | TH |
| Playing together well as a team (38) | 4.05* | 0.91 | 4.62 | 0.55 | 0.28 | PTD |
| Being strong and confident (20) | 4.00* | 0.82 | 4.54 | 0.65 | 0.27 | TH |
| Working hard (58) | 3.84** | 0.77 | 4.79 | 0.52 | 0.54 | TH |
| A coach who knows a lot about the sport (13) | 3.74* | 0.93 | 4.39 | 0.73 | 0.29 | PC |
| Exercising and being active (5) | 3.68** | 1.20 | 4.62 | 0.61 | 0.36 | TH |
| When players show good sportsmanship (70) | 3.68** | 1.06 | 4.43 | 0.82 | 0.30 | PTD |
| Wearing a special, cool uniform (48) | 3.32* | 1.16 | 2.51 | 1.24 | 0.24 | S |
| Getting/staying in shape (67) | 3.21** | 1.23 | 4.60 | 0.63 | 0.47 | TH |
| A ref who makes consistent calls (28) | 3.11* | 1.29 | 3.97 | 1.11 | 0.26 | GTS |
| Warming up and stretching as a team (68) | 3.05** | 1.13 | 3.95 | 0.99 | 0.29 | PTD |
| Taking water breaks during practice (18) | 2.95** | 1.39 | 4.14 | 1.13 | 0.33 | P |
| Playing rough (15) | 2.11* | 1.05 | 2.96 | 1.36 | 0.24 | TH |
| Coachesb (n = 16) |
Older playersb (n = 46) |
|||||
| Getting compliments from coaches (1) | 4.69** | 0.48 | 3.54 | 1.05 | 0.50 | PC |
| Being around your friends (23) | 4.63* | 0.62 | 3.83 | 1.08 | 0.33 | TF |
| Being congratulated for playing well (41) | 4.63** | 0.50 | 3.59 | 1.09 | 0.45 | GTS |
| Talking and goofing off with teammates (34) | 4.56** | 0.73 | 3.41 | 1.26 | 0.41 | TF |
| Parents showing good sportsmanship (encouraging, not yelling) (72) | 4.50* | 0.89 | 3.72 | 1.11 | 0.32 | GTS |
| A coach that jokes around (33) | 4.38** | 0.72 | 3.00 | 1.08 | 0.53 | PC |
| High-fiving, fist-bumping, hugging (39) | 4.31* | 0.95 | 3.24 | 1.27 | 0.38 | TR |
| Exercising and being active (5) | 4.25* | 0.78 | 4.74 | 0.54 | 0.37 | TH |
| Having your parent(s) watch your games (11) | 4.25** | 1.00 | 3.02 | 1.22 | 0.43 | GTS |
| Getting complimented by other parents (6) | 4.13** | 1.09 | 2.85 | 1.26 | 0.44 | GTS |
| Working hard (58) | 4.00* | 1.10 | 4.72 | 0.54 | 0.35 | TH |
| End-of-season/team parties (3) | 3.69** | 1.10 | 2.54 | 1.11 | 0.41 | TR |
| Getting/staying in shape (67) | 3.69** | 1.14 | 4.67 | 0.60 | 0.47 | TH |
| Doing team rituals (24) | 3.50* | 1.03 | 2.46 | 1.28 | 0.36 | TR |
| Copying the moves/tricks of professional athletes (45) | 3.50* | 1.37 | 2.50 | 1.21 | 0.33 | LI |
| Doing a cool team cheer (80) | 3.38** | 1.20 | 2.15 | 1.28 | 0.40 | TR |
| Getting pictures taken (59) | 3.06** | 1.29 | 1.76 | 0.92 | 0.45 | S |
| Playing rough (15) | 1.81** | 0.83 | 3.35 | 1.06 | 0.56 | TH |
Abbreviations: M = mean, SD = standard deviation, r = effect size of difference. Number in parentheses identifies the fun-determinant within the go-zone displays, Fun-factor = the fun-factor each determinant is categorized within (PC = Positive Coaching, TH = Trying Hard, P = Practices, GTS = Game Time Support, S = Swag, MB = Mental Bonuses, LI = Learning and Improving, TF = Team Friendships, TR = Team Rituals, PTD = Positive Team Dynamics).
a
Number in parentheses identifies the fun-determinant within the go-zone displays (see Figures 3–6).
b
Coaches and players of U9-U13 teams.
c
Coaches and players of U14–U19 teams.
*
p < 0.013
**
p < 0.001.
Fun-determinants within the “go-zone” quadrants (upper-left and lower right) indicate fun-determinants rated above the importance average by one group and below the average by the other group and are shown in italics.