Table 2.

Environmental risk factors for Schistosoma haemoatobium infection among pregnant women in Kisantu health zone

	SCH positive		Crude		Adjusted*
	n	%	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Season/enrollment date†
October–December 2016	18	9.3	1.0	–	1.0	–
February–March 2017	46	26.4	3.5	(2.0, 6.4)	4.6	(2.4, 8.9)
Occupation
Other	37	24.5	1.0	–	1.0	–
Fishing	3	15	0.5	(0.2, 1.9)	0.7	(0.2, 2.5)
Farming	24	12.3	0.4	(0.2, 0.8)	0.6	(0.3, 1.1)
Main HH water source
Piped	31	21.4	1.0	–	1.0	–
In-ground (groundwater)	13	25	1.2	(0.6, 2.6)	1.3	(0.6, 2.9)
Well	20	12.1	0.5	(0.3, 0.9)	1.3	(0.5, 3.0)
Surface	0	–	n/a	(Excluded because of empty cell)
Laundry water source
Piped	29	21.5	1.0	–	1.0	–
In-ground (groundwater)	14	20.3	0.9	(0.5, 1.9)	2.0	(0.8, 4.6)
Well	13	14.1	0.6	(0.3, 1.2)	1.3	(0.5, 3.1)
Surface	8	11.4	0.5	(0.2, 1.1)	0.6	(0.3, 1.7)
Bathing water source
Piped	28	20.1	1.0	–	1.0	–
In-ground (groundwater)	14	19.7	1.0	(0.5, 2.0)	1.9	(0.8, 4.5)
Well	13	14	0.6	(0.3, 1.3)	1.4	(0.6, 3.6)
Surface	9	14.3	0.7	(0.3, 1.5)	1.0	(0.4, 2.5)
Primary HH water collection
Other family member	7	12.3	1.0	–	1.0	–
Interviewee	57	18.4	1.6	(0.7, 3.7)	1.5	(0.6, 3.6)
Proximity to main water source
Within 500 m	47	19.3	1.0	–	1.0	–
Farther than 500 m	17	13.8	0.7	(0.4, 1.2)	1.3	(0.6, 2.6)
House flooding events, past year
No	54	16.8	1.0	–	1.0	–
Yes	10	21.7	1.4	(0.6, 2.9)	1.4	(0.6, 3.2)
Prior SCH infection, past year
No	60	17.2	1.0	–	1.0	–
Yes	3	21.4	1.3	(0.4, 4.8)	2.5	(0.6, 10.7)

HH = household; OR = odds ratio; SCH = schistosomiasis (Schistosoma haematobium).

* Adjusted for age, education level, civil status, and antenatal care clinic location.

† The rainy season runs from October to March in southwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo.