Table 7.
Discordant KRAS Mutations in Primary and Metastatic Lung Cancers Reported in the Literature
| Seriesa | Met | Assay | Met(–)/Pri(+), No. (%)b | Pri(–)/Met(+), No. (%)c | Discordant Rate, No. (%)d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sanger: LN met | |||||
| Schmid et al (96)8 | LN | Sanger | 17/28 (61) | 8/19 (42) | 25/36 (69) |
| Sun et al (80)9 | LN | Sanger | 0/1 (0) | 6/7 (86) | 6/7 (86) |
| Han et al (22)11 | LN | Sanger | 1/2 (50) | 0/1 (0) | 1/2 (50) |
| Subtotal | 18/31 (58) | 14/27 (52) | 32/45 (71) | ||
| Sanger: variety met | |||||
| Kalikaki et al (25)17 | Variety | Sanger | 3/5 (60) | 3/5 (60) | 6/8 (75) |
| Monaco et al (40)27 | Variety | Sanger | 9/11 (82) | 2/4 (50) | 9/11 (85) [2] |
| Cortot et al (21)28 | Variety | Sanger | 3/3 (100) | 4/4 (100) | 6/6 (100) [1] |
| Han et al (37)20 | Variety | Sanger | 0/1 (0) | 1/2 (50) | 1/2 (50) |
| Subtotal | 15/20 (75) | 10/15 (67) | 22/27 (81) | ||
| Sanger: all studies | 33/51 (65) | 24/42 (57) | 54/72 (75) | ||
| Other assays | |||||
| Badalian et al (11)29 | Bone | PCR/RFLP | 2/3 (67) | 2/3 (67) | 4/5 (80) |
| Munfus-McCray et al (9)19 | Variety | Pyro | 0/1 (0) | 1/2 (50) | 1/2 (50) |
| Alsdorf et al (19)30 | LN | ARMS | 0/4 (0) | 0/4 (0) | 0/4 (0) |
| Quéré et al (18)24 | Variety | Variety | 2/6 (33) | 4/8 (50) | 5/9 (56) [1] |
| NGS assay | |||||
| Vignot et al (15)25 | Variety | NGS | 0/4 (0) | 0/4 (0) | 0/4 (0) |
| Xie et al (35)26 | LN | NGS | 1/2 (50) | 1/2 (50) | 2/3 (67) |
| Current study (10) | Variety | NGS | 1/9 (11) | 0/8 (0) | 1/9 (11) |
| Subtotal | 2/15 (13) | 1/14 (7.1) | 3/16 (19) | ||
| Total | 39/80 (49) | 32/73 (44) | 67/108 (62) |
ARMS, amplification mutation refractory system; LN, lymph node metastasis; Met, metastasis; NGS, next-generation sequencing; Pyro, pyrosequencing; RFLP, restriction fragment length polymorphism.
aNumber in the parentheses indicates total pairs of primary and metastatic specimens examined. Case PM10 in the current study was not included.
bNo. (%) of mutations detected in the primary tumor but not the metastatic tumor.
cNo. (%) of mutations detected in the metastatic tumor but not the primary tumor.
dNumerator: numbers of pair with discordant KRAS mutation (mutation detected only in the primary or metastatic tumor, or different KRAS mutations detected). Denominator: pairs with KRAS mutation detected in one or two of the paired specimens. Number in the bracket indicates pair with different KRAS mutations.