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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Oct 3.
Published in final edited form as: Cell. 2019 Oct 3;179(2):514–526.e13. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.040

Figure 2. Optogenetic inhibitions during SO up-states.

Figure 2.

(A) Flow charts for OPTOSO and OPTOSO+δ experiments.

(B) Rats learned direct neural control of a feeding tube (θ = angular position in ‘A’). Successful trials required movement from P1 to P2 within 15 sec.

(C and D) Examples of filtered traces (0.1-4 Hz) and stimulation periods (100 ms pulses) during up-states of SO and SO+δ for OPTOSO (C) and OPTOSO+δ experiments (D).

(E) Examples of 30 raw LFP traces and spike rasters (left: SO up-states; right: δ wave up-states). Scale bars indicates 100 ms on x-axis and 2 s.d. on y-axis of raw LFP.

(F) Example learning curves for OPTOSO, OPTOSO+δ and OPTOOFF.

(G) Mean task time changes from BMI1-Late to BMI2-Early (mean in solid line ± s.e.m. in box; OPTOSO: n = 13 sessions, 5 rats, mixed-effects model, t24 = 6.99, ***P < 10−6; OPTOSO+δ: n = 13 sessions, 7 rats, mixed-effects model, t24 = 5.52, ***P < 10−4; OPTOSO vs. OPTOSO+δ: mixed-effects model, t24 = −1.39, P = 0.18).

(H) Relationship of mean task time change in ‘G’ to the ratio of SO to δ-triggering (n = 26 sessions, 12 rats; linear regression, R2 = 0.065, P = 0.208).

See also Figures S1 and S2.