Table 3.
Rates and interaction contrasts for sex differences in the association between PTSD and infections, Denmark, 1995–2011.
| Males | Females | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rate/100,000 PY | Rate/100,000 PY | IC/100,000 PY (95% CI) | |||
| Infection | PTSD cohort | Comparison cohort | PTSD cohort | Comparison cohort | |
| Meningitis | -- | 19.7 | 27.2 | 13.3 | -- |
| Misc. bacterial infections | 161.4 | 71.4 | 54.4 | 60.4 | 96.0 (14.9, 177.1) |
| Sexually transmitted diseases | 80.6 | 63.8 | 150.9 | 99.8 | −34.4 (−110.9, 42.2) |
| Ear infections | 56.3 | 59.3 | 104.8 | 57.8 | −50.0 (−114.2, 14.2) |
| Obstetrical infections | -- | -- | 331.0 | 216.7 | -- |
| Sepsis | 217.4 | 127.7 | 150.2 | 101.3 | 40.8 (−61.4, 142.9) |
| Central Nervous System infections (except meningococcal disease) | 40.1 | 38.0 | 45.4 | 22.2 | −21.1 (−69.3, 27.2) |
| Infectious complications of procedures, catheters etc. | 185.7 | 85.2 | 155.0 | 85.4 | 31.1 (−65.2, 127.3) |
| Cellulitis | 104.7 | 74.6 | 109.5 | 49.8 | −29.6 (−105.5, 46.3) |
| Skin infections | 602.0 | 304.2 | 279.0 | 166.2 | 185.1 (22.8, 347.3) |
| Influenza | -- | 18.2 | 27.2 | 19.5 | -- |
| Intra-abdominal infections | 575.3 | 309.0 | 443.3 | 245.9 | 69.0 (−100.5, 238.4) |
| Abscesses | 721.9 | 414.6 | 649.3 | 320.4 | −21.6 (−217.1, 173.9) |
| Male genital infections | 226.8 | 119.0 | -- | -- | -- |
| Other lower-respiratory tract infections | 307.5 | 126.4 | 293.3 | 162.6 | 50.4 (−76.1, 177.0) |
| Septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, myositis | 80.4 | 31.9 | 27.2 | 12.4 | 33.8 (−22.7, 90.2) |
| Miscellaneous viral infections | 40.2 | 56.2 | 141.5 | 55.1 | −102.4 (−167.5, −37.4) |
| Other skin infections | 508.6 | 259.6 | 312.9 | 159.2 | 95.4 (−58.4, 249.1) |
| Pneumonia | 950.7 | 477.5 | 717.8 | 369.6 | 125.0 (−92.1, 342.0) |
| Female pelvic infections (salpingo-oophritis, uterine infections, vulvovaginitis) | -- | -- | 479.0 | 230.8 | -- |
| Upper respiratory tract infections | 178.1 | 85.2 | 233.3 | 105.3 | −35.2 (−137.7, 67.3) |
| Other infections or sequelae of infections | 56.3 | 21.2 | 49.9 | 23.1 | 8.2 (−44.8, 61.2) |
| Urinary tract infections | 438.6 | 196.9 | 846.7 | 396.7 | −208.2 (−385.8, −30.7) |
| Bacteremia | 96.6 | 30.3 | 40.8 | 23.1 | 48.5 (−14.3, 111.3) |
| Gastrointestinal infections | 340.6 | 95.9 | 378 | 182.4 | 49.1 (−86.8, 185.1) |
| Candidiasis and other fungal infections | 72.4 | 41.0 | 109.1 | 43.5 | −34.2 (−101.5, 33.1) |
| Eye infections | 277.0 | 128.5 | 234.4 | 92.7 | 6.7 (−111.1, 124.5) |
| Viral hepatitis | 153.3 | 41.0 | 63.5 | 18.6 | 67.4 (−11.1, 145.9) |
Notes. CI = confidence interval; IC= interaction contrast; PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; PY = person-years.
Women were used as the reference for the interaction contrast calculation.
Analyses with fewer than 5 infection cases in either the PTSD or comparison cohort are not presented.