Figure 3.

cis-elements influence uORF-mediated translational control.

Graphic shows several cis-elements identified recently by systematic Ribo-seq and bioinformatics studies. Among these cis-elements, 2^º (secondary) structures, m6A modification and exon-exon junction (EEJ) may impede ribosome scanning and hence facilitate recognition of uORF start codons. non-AUG uORFs exist, particularly with a higher prevalence in neuroblastoma transcripts. Initiation codon context affects the translation activity of uORF.