Figure 2.

SAL alleviated HG-induced ARPE-19 cells injury.

(a) The different concentrations of SAL (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 μM) were used to treat ARPE-19 cells, and cell viability was then assessed by CCK-8 assay. (b) After co-treatment with HG (50 mM) and SAL (1, 2 and 3 μM), the viability of ARPE-19 cells was detected by CCK-8 assay again. (c) Cell apoptosis, (d) apoptosis-associated factors, (e and f) the pro-inflammatory cytokines of TNF-α and IL-6, and (g) the level of ROS in HG and SAL co-treated cells was measured by flow cytometry, western blot and DCFH-DA molecular probe assays. (h) The TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA level and miR-138 expression level were estimated by Northern blot assay. *, P < 0.05, **, P < 0.01, ***, P < 0.001.