Plant eIF4E and eIFiso4E contain two deeply conserved SnRK1 phosphorylation sites. (A) Partial alignment of canonical eIF4E and eIFiso4E from selected plants, fungi, invertebrates, and vertebrates reveals two consensus SNF1/AMPK/ SnRK1 sites. eIFiso4E is found only in higher plants. Phosphorylation target residues are highlighted in red. Notably, vertebrate lineages lack serine or threonine target residues, despite strong conservation of surrounding sequence. (B) Structure of wheat eIF4E with target threonine residues highlighted in yellow and green. A cap analogue structure is shown in black, blue, and red (modified from [34]).