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. 2019 Oct 1;9:958. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00958

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Copyright © 2019 Nguyen, Chakrabarti, Li, Kalim, Zhang, Zhang, Zheng and Guo.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Cdc42 knockdown inhibits proliferation and causes apoptosis of MM cells. (A) Western blot analysis of Cdc42, following transduction of melphalan-sensitive (S) and melphalan-resistant (LR5) MM cells with Scramble shRNA (Scramble) or Cdc42 shRNA. β-actin was used as loading control (left). The expression levels of Cdc42 were quantified (right). (B) Proliferation of S and LR5 cells. **P < 0.01 vs. S-Scramble; ^##P < 0.01 vs. LR5-Scramble. (C) Apoptosis of S and LR5 cells. Annexin V⁺ cells were analyzed using flow cytometry. **P < 0.01. Error bars represent means ± SD of triplicates and data are representative of three independent experiments.