Table 1.

The relative abundance (%) of bacterial groups that showed statistical significance of KEGG pathway categories among different groups.

KEGG function level 3	CD	HD	HD-inulin	P-value
				HD vs. CD	HD-inulin vs. HD
Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis	0.6148(0.5570–0.6355)	0.7049(0.6043–0.7745)*	0.57650(0.53656–0.66263)#	0.03260	0.04934
Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)	0.2828(0.2680–0.3155)	0.2597(0.2323–0.2822)*	0.31907(0.25165–0.36493)#	0.03499	0.03844
Fatty acid biosynthesis	0.2342(0.2135–0.2573)	0.1920(0.1875–0.2256)*	0.22575(0.20333–0.24197)#	0.01960	0.04073
Geraniol degradation	0.0001(0.0000–0.0002)	0.0010(0.0004–0.0025)*	0.00011(0.00007–0.00038)#	0.03166	0.03742
Lysine biosynthesis	0.2983(0.2841–0.3296)	0.3294(0.3021–0.3332)*	0.28247(0.25319–0.33476)#	0.04331	0.04813
Lysine degradation	0.0304(0.0257–0.0359)	0.0481(0.0466–0.0529)**	0.03409(0.02443–0.04769)#	0.00179	0.03139
Furfural degradation	0.0000(0.0000–0.0001)	0.0001(0.0001–0.0001)*	0.00000(0.00000–0.00005)#	0.01573	0.03019
Tryptophan metabolism	0.0218(0.0162–0.0222)	0.0353(0.0310–0.0393)**	0.02619(0.01823–0.03353)#	0.00390	0.04139
Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis	0.3522(0.3181–0.3744)	0.3180(0.2895–0.3444)*	0.34770(0.32533–0.39867)#	0.03330	0.02792
D-Alanine metabolism	0.0517(0.0479–0.0564)	0.0612(0.0482–0.0720)*	0.04862(0.04265–0.05741)#	0.04520	0.03154
Other glycan degradation	0.1488(0.1202–0.2094)	0.1025(0.0970–0.1262)*	0.17478(0.11970–0.26930)#	0.03166	0.03805
Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism	0.7181(0.6680–0.7482)	0.8406(0.7493–0.8665)*	0.67503(0.60146–0.80699)#	0.01718	0.03934
Peptidoglycan biosynthesis	0.4221(0.4010–0.4480)	0.4537(0.4386–0.4615)*	0.36959(0.34915–0.45002)#	0.02066	0.02034
Sphingolipid metabolism	0.1130(0.1059–0.1476)	0.0937(0.0879–0.1058)*	0.12882(0.09625–0.17644)#	0.03166	0.02805
Pyruvate metabolism	0.4972(0.4639–0.5164)	0.5507(0.4991–0.5585)*	0.45720(0.43866–0.54814)#	0.01683	0.02934
Toluene degradation	0.0002(0.0001–0.0003)	0.0015(0.0002–0.0022)*	0.00049(0.00018–0.00081)*#	0.01625	0.04934
Vitamin B6 metabolism	0.0891(0.0814–0.0979)	0.0756(0.0667–0.0801)*	0.08564(0.07998–0.10059)#	0.01620	0.02803
Folate biosynthesis	0.1733(0.1254–0.1937)	0.1198(0.0987–0.1432)*	0.00158(0.00130–0.00181)#	0.03425	0.03128
Limonene and pinene degradation	0.0074(0.0057–0.0111)	0.0148(0.0119–0.0189)*	0.00005(0.00002–0.00014)#	0.01300	0.00934
Caprolactam degradation	0.0019(0.0002–0.0074)	0.0028(0.0026–0.0029)	0.00002(0.00001–0.00002)#	0.30751	0.02752
Flavone and flavonol biosynthesis	0.0046(0.0028–0.0064)	0.0025(0.0019–0.0035)	0.00004(0.00003–0.00004)#	0.04153	0.03792
ABC transporters	0.9351(0.7441–1.5006)	1.5091(1.4626–1.6103)*	0.00187(0.00101–0.01708)#	0.01960	0.04584
Ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes	0.0193(0.0176–0.0201)	0.0246(0.0237–0.0252)**	0.00020(0.00016–0.00025)#	0.00159	0.03139
Ribosome	1.1228(1.0636–1.3193)	1.3400(1.3128–1.3650)*	0.01147(0.01099–0.01296)#	0.02666	0.00302
RNA polymerase	0.1164(0.0976–0.1221)	0.1253(0.1240–0.1342)*	0.00105(0.00099–0.00122)#	0.02489	0.00317
Bacterial secretion system	0.3061(0.2976–0.3245)	0.3300(0.3252–0.3336)*	0.00307(0.00237–0.00321)#	0.01300	0.03128
PPAR signaling pathway	0.0591(0.0479–0.0702)	0.0476(0.0419–0.0549)*	0.00066(0.00046–0.00077)#	0.04254	0.04936
Base excision repair	0.2119(0.2023–0.2278)	0.2394(0.2347–0.2505)*	0.21334(0.18743–0.23365)#	0.01048	0.00726
HIF-1 signaling pathway	0.0494(0.0434–0.0553)	0.0615(0.0520–0.0642)*	0.05271(0.05079–0.05575)#	0.01960	0.01655
Sulfur relay system	0.0934(0.0889–0.1164)	0.1249(0.1200–0.1327)*	0.08055(0.01371–0.13565)#	0.01145	0.03893
Apoptosis	0.0149(0.0068–0.0158)	0.0030(0.0013–0.0043)*	0.01686(0.00387–0.05312)#	0.01300	0.04234
Adipocytokine signaling pathway	0.0346(0.0337–0.0574)	0.0266(0.0194–0.0329)*	0.03450(0.02599–0.05028)#	0.02666	0.04397
Glucagon signaling pathway	0.0892(0.0816–0.0971)	0.1270(0.1009–0.1336)*	0.70773(0.09824–0.73901)*#	0.01573	0.04893
Type II diabetes mellitus	0.0226(0.0222–0.0239)	0.0264(0.0258–0.0274)**	0.02215(0.02147–0.02677)#	0.00381	0.02674
Carbohydrate digestion and absorption	0.0155(0.0097–0.0323)	0.0071(0.0052–0.0132)*	0.03536(0.00509–0.04880)#	0.04024	0.02193
Protein digestion and absorption	0.0160(0.0069–0.0175)	0.0042(0.0016–0.0058)*	0.02259(0.00643–0.06965)#	0.01573	0.04139
Proteoglycans in cancer	0.0191(0.0175–0.0199)	0.0245(0.0236–0.0247)**	0.02156(0.01852–0.02434)*#	0.00119	0.01655
Renal cell carcinoma	0.0030(0.0022–0.0047)	0.0074(0.0048–0.0083)	0.00434(0.00282–0.00604)#	0.01620	0.01655

CD, control diet; HD, high fat diet; HD-inulin, high fat diet with inulin supplement.

^*P < 0.05,

^**P < 0.01 vs. CD group;

^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01 vs. HD group.