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. 2019 Oct 1;10:2330. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02330

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Copyright © 2019 Demeyer, Van Nuffel, Baudelet, Driege, Kreike, Muyllaert, Staal and Beyaert.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Activation of Malt1-KO CD4⁺ T is altered. (A) CFSE labeled CD4⁺ T cells stimulated for 72 h with plate bound α-CD3 and soluble α-CD28. The CFSE overlaid histograms displaying the proliferation of WT or Malt1-KO CD4⁺ T cells (age mice: 10 weeks lesion-free). (B) Splenocytes were stimulated for 4 h with PMA and IO (same for C and D) in order to determine the percentage of CD44⁺ CD4⁺ T cells. (C) Percentage of CD44⁺CD4⁺ T cells that express CTLA-4 on their surface. (D) Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CTLA-4 on CD44⁺CD4⁺ T cells that express CTLA-4 on their surface. For (B–D) open circles (WT: n = 4) and black squares (KO: n = 4) represent individual mice. The mean ± SEM is indicated on the graphs. The statistical significance between groups was calculated with an unpaired 2-tailed Student's t-test: *P < 0.05 and ***P < 0.001.