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. 2019 Oct 1;10:2155. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02155

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Copyright © 2019 Ashrafian, Shahriary, Behrouzi, Moradi, Keshavarz Azizi Raftar, Lari, Hadifar, Yaghoubfar, Ahmadi Badi, Khatami, Vaziri and Siadat.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The effect of A. muciniphila and its EVs on the study’s genes and cytokine secretion in the Caco-2 cell line. Caco-2 monolayers were treated with A. muciniphila (MOI₁₀₀) and EV concentration (10 μg) for 24 h. The expression of genes: (A) ZO-1, OCLDN, and CLDN-1; (B) TLR-2 and TLR-4; and (C) ANGPTL4. The levels of cytokines: (D) IL-6 and IL-8; (E) TNF-α and IL-10; and (F) IFN-γ and IL-4. Expression data are normalized using GAPDH as control gene. ^∗P < 0.05 and ^∗∗P < 0.01 were considered statistically significant, respectively.