Table 2.
The detailed results of cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP) test.
| References | Groups | No. of included ears | Acoustic stimuli | Presence of response | Absent response | Abnormal cVEMP | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | p13 latency (mean ± SD, ms) | n23 latency (mean ± SD, ms) | Amplitude (mean ± SD, uv) | cVEMP AR (mean ± SD,%) | NO. | Criteria | No. | ||||
| Akkuzu et al. (10) | BPPV | 30 | AC 500 Hz 100 dB nHL tone burst | 30 | 14.3 ± 2.5 | 22.4 ± 2.4 | 39.8 ± 22.6 | NA | 0 | 1. p13 latency>15.7 ms or n23 latency>25.9 ms; 2. AR>59.7%; 3. NO response |
9 |
| Control | 34 | 34 | 13.7 ± 1.0 | 22.1 ± 1.9 | 57.9 ± 33.8 | 19.3 ± 20.2 | 0 | 2 | |||
| Yang et al. (15) | BPPV | 41 | AC 95 dB clicks | 30 | 14.99 ± 1.89 | 24.31 ± 2.26 | NA | NA | 11 | NA | NA |
| Control | 184 | 184 | 13.25 ± 0.93 | 22.62 ± 1.76 | NA | NA | 0 | NA | |||
| Korres et al. (14) | BPPV | 30 | AC 500 Hz 95 dB HL tone burst | 27 | 17.30 ± 2.68 | 25.24 ± 2.87 | NA | NA | 3 | 1. p13 latency>19.50 ms or n23 latency>30.22 ms; 2. NO response |
9 |
| Control | 60 | 60 | 16.32 ± 1.59 | 24.62 ± 2.8 | NA | NA | 0 | 5 | |||
| Longo et al. (25) | BPPV | 23 | AC 500 Hz 127 dB peSPL logon | 18 | 14.79 ± 2.2 | 21.31 ± 1.81 | 16.01 ± 5.09 | NA | 5 | 1. p13 latency>17.09 ms or n23 latency>24.32 ms; 2. AR>36%; 3. NO response |
9 |
| Control | 48 | 48 | 14.27 ± 1.41 | 21.4 ± 1.46 | 17.78 ± 5.08 | NA | 0 | 2 | |||
| Eryaman et al. (26) | BPPV | 31 | AC 500 Hz 100 dB nHL tone burst | 24 | 15.75 ± 1.80 | NA | NA | NA | 7 | 1. p13 latency>17.21 ms; 2. NO response |
12 |
| Control | 60 | 60 | 14.95 ± 1.13 | NA | NA | NA | 0 | 0 | |||
| NAkahara et al. (24) | BPPV | 12 | AC 500 Hz 125 dB SPL tone burst | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1. p13 latency>17.7 ms or n23 latency>27.3 ms; 2. AR>41.6%; 3. NO response |
3 |
| Control | 24 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 4 | |||
| Talaat et al. (23) | BPPV | 112 | AC 500 Hz 95 dB nHL tone burst | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1. p13 latency>14.2 ms; 2. AR>32.6%; 3. NO response |
15 |
| Control | 200 | 200 | 12.6 ± 0.8 | NA | NA | 19.4 ± 6.3 | 0 | 1 | |||
| Singh et al. (19) | BPPV | 31 | AC 500 Hz 125 dB SPL tone burst | 30 | 16.27 ± 1.48 | 24.51 ± 0.94 | 5.86 ± 2.38* | 15.68 ± 5.15 | 1 | NA | NA |
| Control | 31 | 30 | 15.75 ± 0.78 | 24.67 ± 0.78 | 6.55 ± 2.35* | 16.15 ± 4.47 | 1 | NA | |||
| Kim et al. (13) | BPPV | 102 | AC 1,000 Hz 100 dB nHL tone burst | 92 | 14.3 ± 1.5 | NA | 265.4 ± 165.3 | 22.1 ± 17.9 | 10 | 1. p13 latency>16.0 ms; 2. AR>25%; 3. NO response |
29 |
| Control | 100 | 94 | 13.2 ± 1.4 | NA | 395.6 ± 258.9 | 9.8 ± 7.6 | 6 | NA | |||
| Karatas et al. (22) | BPPV | 36 | AC 500 Hz 100 dB nHL tone burst | 36 | 14.2 ± 1.7 | 21.9 ± 2.0 | 0.6 ± 0.3* | 16.6 ± 12.8 | 0 | NA | NA |
| Control | 40 | 40 | 14.0 ± 1.3 | 21.8 ± 1.7 | 1.0 ± 0.4* | 16.7 ± 13.4 | 0 | NA | |||
| Xu et al. (21) | BPPV | 30 | AC 500 Hz 90 dB nHL tone burst | 21 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 9 | 1. NO response | 9 |
| Control | 30 | 28 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 2 | 2 | |||
| Pascual et al. (20) | BPPV | 67 | AC 500 Hz 100 dB tone burst | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1. AR>33%; 2. NO response |
33 |
| Control | 60 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 10 | |||
*
cVEMP amplitudes were corrected using the background electromyographic activities of the sternocleidomastoid.
BPPV, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo; cVEMP, cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials; NA, not available; SD, standard deviation; No., number; AR, asymmetry ratio; AC, air-conducted; HL, hearing level; nHL, normal hearing level; SPL, sound pressure level; peSPL, peak equivalent sound pressure level.