TABLE 2.

Active components of QDTS granules and their regulation on nutrient-sensing molecules.

Number	Active components	Source	OB (%) and DL	Number of PubChem CID/CAS	Articles related to the activation of AMPK	Articles related to the regulation of mTOR	Articles related to the activation of SIRT1
1	Formononetin	Astragalus membranaceus	69.67/0.21	5280378	Gautam et al., 2017	Yao et al., 2019	Hwang et al., 2018
2	Kaempferol	Astragalus membranaceus	41.88/0.24	5280863	Varshney et al., 2018	Che et al., 2017	Guo et al., 2015
3	Luteolin	Astragalus membranaceus	36.16/0.39	5280445	Wang Q. et al., 2017	Wang Q. et al., 2017	Rafacho et al., 2015
4	Isovitexin	Herba hedyotis	31.29/0.72	162350	–	–	–
5	Kumatakenin	Astragalus membranaceus	50.83/0.29	5318869	–	–	–
6	Calycosin	Rheum officinale	47.75/0.24	5280448	Han et al., 2018	Sun et al., 2018	–
7	Kaempferide	Astragalus membranaceus	73.41/0.28	5281666	–	–	–
8	Rhein	Rheum officinale	47.07/0.28	10168	Tu et al., 2017	Wu et al., 2017	Chen et al., 2015
9	Alizarin	Rheum officinale	32.67/0.19	6293	–	–	–
10	Emodin	Rheum officinale	83.38/0.24	3220	Wang S. et al., 2017	Hu et al., 2015	Yang et al., 2016
11	Aloe emodin	Rheum officinale	83.38/0.24	10207	–	Dou et al., 2018	–
12	Physcion 8-gentiobioside	Rheum officinale	41.65/0.63	442762	Pan et al., 2016	–	–
13	(-)-Maackiain	Rheum officinale	75.18/0.54	2035-15-6 (CAS)	Huang et al., 2018	–	–

PubChem CID, compound identifier on PubChem database. CAS, Chemical Abstracts Service. DL, drug-likeness; OB, oral bioavailability. Drug screening criteria (OB ≥ 30% and DL ≥ 0.18) suggested by TCMSP database.