Figure 7.

Effects of empty P4C6 nanoparticles, PTX-CPT and PTX-CPT-P4C6 on invasion and migration of HT-29 cells. (A) HT-29 cells were treated with different formulations in serum-free medium for 24 h in Boyden transwell chambers. Cells that reached the bottom of membranes were counted. Negative control cultures were left untreated. Scale bar, 100 μm. (B) Quantitation of the transwell assay. Each bar represents the mean ± SD of three independent observations. (C) Cells were scratched with a pipette tip, washed twice in PBS and photographed at 0 h, then treated with empty P4C6 nanoparticles, the mixture PTX-CPT, or PTX-CPT-P4C6. Negative control cells were left untreated. The experiment was allowed to proceed until the gap was nearly covered by migrated cells in negative control cultures (96 h). At the end of the experiment, migration was photographed under a phase-contrast microscope, and the gap area was measured using ImageJ software. Scale bar, 200 μm. (D) Quantitation of the wound healing assay. Each bar represents the mean ± SD of three independent measurements. ^*p < 0.05 (Student's t-test).