Fig. 8. Priming with recombinant human TGF-β1 promoted osteogenic differentiation in hPDLs.

Schematic diagram of the experimental plan of TGF-β1 priming and subsequent osteogenic induction (a). Mineralization was examined using alizarin red s staining at day 14 after osteogenic induction (b). The normalized absorbance of alizarin red dye (c). Osteogenic marker gene expression was determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction at day 7 after osteogenic induction (d–m). Bars indicate a statistically significant difference between conditions