Fig. 3. The effect of PGRN on the macrophage inflammatory response to LPS.

a, b Raw 264.7 cells and primary macrophages were pre-treated with PGRN for 30 min. They were then treated with LPS for an additional hour, and the expression of inflammatory genes was analyzed by real-time qPCR. c Human primary stellate cells were pre-treated with PGRN for 30 min. They were then treated with TGF-β1 for an additional 24 h, and gene expression was analyzed. d HepG2 and Huh7 cells were pre-treated with PGRN for 30 min and then stimulated with TNF-α for an additional 24 h and subjected to real-time qPCR analysis. e Raw 264.7 cells were treated with conditioned media from HepG2 or Huh7 cells treated with TNF-α for 24 h with or without 30 min of PGRN pre-treatment. After 1 h, the Raw 264.7 cells were subjected to real-time qPCR analysis. Graphs show the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 versus the corresponding control, as shown