Fig. 1. Validation of the in vitro effects of HCM. (A) Cell viability assay showing that HCM most significantly increased the cell viability of TAA-treated AML12 cells. (B) ROS assay showing that HCM most significantly downregulated intracellular ROS, especially in the TAA-treated AML12 cells. (C) Real-time polymerase chain reaction results showing that HCM most significantly increased the mRNA levels of 3 antioxidant genes, such as SOD, GPx, and catalase, in the TAA-treated AML12 cells. Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation of 3 independent experiments. MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; Ct, control; HCM, hypoxic conditioned media that means the secretomes obtained from 5% hypoxic culturing of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) for 24 hours; NCM, normoxic conditioned media that means the secretomes obtained from normoxic culturing of ASCs for 24 hours; TAA, thioacetamide; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SOD, superoxide dismutase; GPx, glutathione peroxidase. ^*P < 0.05.