TABLE 3.

Multivariate regression analysis showing independent correlates of psychoactive substance use among patients with bipolar affective disorder.

Psychoactive substance use	OR	95% CI	p
Lifetime use of any substance
Gender
Male	3.23	1.14–9.16	0.027
Female	1.00	-	-
Duration of illness
≤ 6 years	5.63	1.58–20.04	0.008
7–12 years	3.97	1.10–14.29	0.035
≥ 13 years	1.00	-	-
Lifetime use of alcohol
Gender
Male	3.14	0.89–10.99	0.073
Female	1.00	-	-
Marital status
Married	1.00	-	-
Never married	2.38	0.57–9.96	0.236
Separated or widowed or cohabiting	6.13	1.11–33.98	0.038
Duration of illness
≤ 6 years	10.03	1.65–61.18	0.012
7–12 years	8.86	1.45–54.09	0.018
≥ 13 years	1.00	-	-
Lifetime use of stimulant
Marital status
Married	1.00	-	-
Never married	3.44	0.78–15.28	0.104
Separated or widowed or cohabiting	8.44	1.54–46.27	0.014
Employment status
High socioeconomic	1.00	-	-
Middle socioeconomic	3.96	1.08–14.48	0.038
Low socioeconomic	1.83	0.34–9.89	0.482

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.