Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the included patients.
| All Patients (n = 98) |
Group N (n = 50) |
Group P (n = 48) |
p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 62.9 ± 12.8 | 65.3 ± 13.2 | 60.5 ± 11.9 | 0.064 |
| Sex (Male/Female) | 50/48 | 25/25 | 25/23 | 0.997 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.0 ± 3.2 | 23.8 ± 3.2 | 24.3 ± 3.1 | 0.436 |
| ASA status: I/II/III | 39/52/7 | 19/27/4 | 20/25/3 | 0.952 |
| Diagnosis | 0.098 | |||
| Colon cancer | 69 (70.4%) | 32 (64.0%) | 37 (77.1%) | |
| Rectal cancer | 29 (29.6%) | 18 (36.0%) | 11 (22.9%) | |
| Presence of DM | 16 (16.3%) | 8 (16.0%) | 8 (16.7%) | 1.000 |
| Preoperative CRT | 10 (10.2%) | 3 (6.0%) | 7 (14.6%) | 0.195 |
| Surgery type | ||||
| Colectomy | 54 (55.1%) | 27 (54.0%) | 27 (56.3%) | 0.599 |
| Low anterior resection | 44 (44.9%) | 23 (46.0%) | 21 (43.7%) | |
| Pathological stage | ||||
| I | 26 (26.5%) | 14 (28.0%) | 12 (25.0%) | 0.673 |
| II | 19 (19.4%) | 7 (14.0%) | 12 (25.0%) | |
| III | 11 (11.2%) | 6 (12.0%) | 5 (10.4%) | |
| IV | 42 (42.9%) | 23 (46.0%) | 19 (39.6%) | |
| Mean tumor size > 4 cm | 57 (58.2%) | 26 (52.0%) | 31 (64.6%) | 0.290 |
| Operation time (min) | 144.4 ± 58.4 | 137.7 ± 43.8 | 151.3 ± 70.3 | 0.259 |
| Anesthesia time (min) | 190.7 ± 60.2 | 185.3 ± 45.1 | 196.3 ± 72.8 | 0.374 |
| Intraoperative fentanyl (µg) | 59.3 ± 23.9 | 54.4 ± 22.8 | 64.3 ± 24.7 * | 0.039 |
| Preoperative pain (VAS) | 0.1 ± 0.6 | 0.0 ± 0.4 | 0.2 ± 0.7 | 0.379 |
| Postoperative pain at PACU | ||||
| Admission | 6.4 ± 1.8 | 4.9 ± 1.2 | 7.8 ± 1.0 * | <0.001 |
| Discharge | 2.9 ± 0.8 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 3.0 ± 0.9 * | 0.026 |
| Rescue fentanyl at PACU (µg) | 53.8 ± 31.2 | 42.6 ± 26.7 | 65.5 ± 31.4 * | <0.001 |
All data are presented as means ± SDs or numbers (percentages) of patients. ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists, DM: diabetic mellitus, CRT: chemoradiotherapy, VAS: visual analogue scale, PACU: postoperative anesthesia care unit; Group N: patients with pain scores <7 in the PACU; Group P: patients with pain scores ≥7 in the PACU, * p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.