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. 2019 Sep 19;11(9):1525. doi: 10.3390/polym11091525

Figure 5.

Figure 5

(a) Gum loss of the ramie fibers after 2 h treatment by polygalacturonase. The untreated (negative control) means that only a buffer was used, and the positive control means that treatment was done by commercial pectinase (from Aspergillus niger, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Ramie fibers were untreated and PN32-treated (100 U/mg). (b) Scanning electron micrographs of ramie fiber degradation by PN32. From left: Control and PN32-treated (100 U/mg). From top: Images at various magnifications (400× and 800×).