Figure 5.

Proboscis extension reflex (PER) resulted from adult male and female antennae stimulation by 0.001 M, 0.01 M, 0.1 M and 1 M fructose. Double distilled water (the solvent) was used as the control. Bars represent standard error form three replications. Different letters (a–c) indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) of male or female responses among different concentrations based on one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD test for multiple comparisons. * and ** mean significant differences (p < 0.05 and <0.01, respectively), while NS indicates no significant difference between male and female responses by T-test.