Table 1.
Maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of obese and non-obese mothers.
| Maternal Characteristic/Pregnancy Outcome | Maternal Obesity n = 3399 |
No Obesity n = 246,441 |
p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age (years, mean± SD) | 30.4 ± 5.6 | 28.1 ± 5.8 | <0.01 |
| Recurrent pregnancy loss (n) | 234 (6.9%) | 12,417 (5.0%) | <0.001 |
| Fertility treatments a (n) | 156 (4.6%) | 4340 (1.8%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes (n) | 285 (8.4%) | 12,293 (5.0%) | <0.001 |
| Pre-gestational | 119 (3.5%) | 1733 (0.7%) | <0.001 |
| Gestational | 166 (4.9%) | 10,560 (4.3%) | 0.087 |
| Hypertensive disease (n) | 314 (9.2%) | 12,385 (5.0%) | <0.001 |
| Pre-gestational (chronic HTN) | 137 (4.0%) | 3313 (1.3%) | <0.001 |
| Gestational, preeclampsia and eclampsia | 203 * (6.0%) | 9755 * (4.0%) | <0.001 |
| Birthweight (gr., mean ± SD) | 3354.1 ± 550 | 3196.8 ± 521 | <0.001 |
| Gestational age at birth (weeks, mean ± SD) | 39.1 ± 2.1 | 39.1 ± 2.1 | 0.64 |
| Chorioamnionitis (n) | 28 (0.8%) | 1682 (0.7%) | 0.32 |
| Induction of labor (n) | 1,157 (34.0%) | 64,220 (26.1%) | <0.001 |
| Cesarean delivery (n) | 1,167 (34.3%) | 33,189 (13.5%) | <0.001 |
| Preterm delivery (n) | 244 (7.2%) | 17,764 (7.2%) | 0.95 |
| 34–37 weeks’ gestation | 198 (5.8%) | 13,784 (5.6%) | 0.403 |
| 28–34 weeks’ gestation | 35 (1.0%) | 3098 (1.2%) | 0.403 |
| <28 weeks’ gestation | 11 (0.4%) | 882 (0.4%) | 0.403 |
| Low Apgar b at 1 min. (n) | 260 (7.6%) | 13,800 (5.6%) | <0.001 |
| Low Apgar b at 5 min. (n) | 63 (1.9%) | 605 (2.5%) | 0.02 |
| Low birth weight c (n) | 170 (5.0%) | 17,612 (7.1%) | <0.001 |
| Macrosomia d (n) | 336 (9.9%) | 11,344 (4.6%) | <0.001 |
| Perinatal mortality (n) | 30 (0.9%) | 1960 (0.8%) | 0.57 |
| Antepartum death | 17 (0.5%) | 937 (1.4%) | 0.262 |
| Intra-partum death | 3 (0.1%) | 94 (0.1%) | 0.141 |
| Post-partum death | 10 (0.3%) | 929 (0.4%) | 0.434 |
a including all artificial reproductive techniques; b Low Apgar < 7; c Low birth weight (LBW) < 2500 g d Macrosomia > 4000 g; * Some of the women in this group were diagnosed with superimposed PET; HTN, Hypertension.