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. 2019 Sep 16;9(9):186. doi: 10.3390/metabo9090186

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(A) Principal component analysis (PCA) score plot, (B) Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) dendrogram derived from the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) result, derived from positive mode data set of ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography linear trap quadrupole-ion trap- mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-IT-MS/MS) of Betulaceae family plant extracts. (C) Antioxidant activities of 10 Betulaceae family plant extracts. Red color represents species belonging to the genus Alnus (1: Alnus firma, 2: Alnus hirsuta, and 3: Alnus japonica). Blue color represents species belonging to the genus Betula (4: Betula schmidtii, 5: Betula dahurica, and 6: Betula pendula). Green color represents species belonging to the genus Carpinus (7: Carpinus cordata, 8: Carpinus turczaninowii, and 9: Carpinus laxiflora). Purple color represents species belonging to the genus Corylus (10: Corylus heterophylla). The small letter on the bar graphs (a, b, c, d, and e) indicates significant differences from other values.