Table 1.
Descriptive and inferential statistical indices of hair steroids, separately for participants with (n = 48) and without (n = 50) postpartum depression.
| Group | Statistics | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| With PPD | Healthy Controls | |||||||||||
| N | 48 | 48 | 50 | 50 | ||||||||
| Time period of steroid levels | Prenatal | Postnatal | d | Prenatal | Postnatal | d | ||||||
| Hair steroids | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | Time | Group | Time × Group interaction | |||||
| F | η p 2 | F | η p 2 | F | η p 2 | |||||||
| Cortisol | 5.62 (3.98) | 4.18 (2.59) | 0.43 (S) | 16.71 (9.51) | 7.77 (5.47) | 1.15 (L) | 40.43 *** | 0.296 (L) | 10.47 *** | 0.373 (M) | 21.08 *** | 0.180 (L) |
| Cortisone | 12.48 (7.57) | 6.14 (3.50) | 1.08 (L) | 48.49 (26.35) | 17.94 (12.83) | 1.47 (L) | 59.44 *** | 0.282 (L) | 17.97 *** | 0.158 (L) | 25.63 *** | 0.211 (L) |
| Testosterone | 0.34 (0.53) | 0.42 (0.45) | 0.16 (T) | 0.58 (0.79) | 0.82 (0.95) | 0.27 (S) | 1.00 | 0.010 (S) | 1.52 | 0.016 (S) | 0.79 | 0.008 (S) |
| Progesterone | 30.66 (26.44) | 40.58 (25.37) | 0.38 (S) | 107.59 (45.03) | 86.91 (51.55) | 0.42 (S) | 0.60 | 0.006 (S) | 19.13 *** | 0.166 (L) | 4.80 * | 0.049 (S) |
| DHEA | 7.74 (4.56) | 6.34 (5.37) | 0.28 (S) | 3.93 (2.97) | 2.95 (2.64) | 0.34 (S) | 3.53 (*) | 0.035 (S) | 7.48 ** | 0.072 (M) | 0.11 | 0.001 (S) |
Notes: Values: Always nmol/L. PPD = postpartum depression; DHEA = dehydroepiandrosterone (*) = p < 0.10; * = p < 0.05; ** = p < 0.01; *** = p < 0.001; (T) = trivial effect size; (S) = small effect size, (M) = medium effect size; (L) = large effect size. Statistics always controlling for baseline values.