Table 1.
Distributions of demographic characteristics in 1199 controls and 394 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
| Variable | Controls (N = 1199) n (%) |
Patients (N = 394) n (%) |
p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | |||
| ≥55 | 912 (76.1%) | 307 (77.9%) | 0.451 |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 839 (70%) | 273 (69.3%) | 0.797 |
| Cigarette smoking | |||
| Yes | 471 (39.3%) | 156 (39.6%) | 0.913 |
| Alcohol consumption | |||
| Yes | 169 (14.1%) | 139 (35.3%) | <0.001 * |
| HBsAg | |||
| Positive | 146 (12.2%) | 167 (42.4%) | <0.001 * |
| Anti-HCV | |||
| Positive | 53 (4.4%) | 178 (45.2%) | <0.001 * |
| AFP (ng/mL) a | 20.83 | ||
| AST (IU/L) a | 48 | ||
| ALT (IU/L) a | 43 | ||
| Stage | |||
| III + IV | 117 (29.7%) | ||
| Tumor T status | |||
| T3 + T4 | 112 (28.4%) | ||
| Lymph node status | |||
| N1 + N2 + N3 | 12 (3%) | ||
| Metastasis | |||
| M1 | 19 (4.8%) | ||
| Child–Pugh grade | |||
| B or C | 74 (18.8%) | ||
| Liver cirrhosis | |||
| Positive | 326 (82.7%) |
Mann–Whitney U-test or Chi-squared test was used between healthy controls and patients with HCC. * p value < 0.05 as statistically significant. a Median level. HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; HCV, hepatitis C virus; AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase.