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. 2019 Aug 29;11(9):1420. doi: 10.3390/polym11091420

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(A) Diagram and photograph (insert) of a hydrogel CPC sensing lens [89]. (B) The diffraction response at low glucose concentration (insert is the photograph of the diffraction-color-changeable lens sample). (C) Reaction between polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and 4-BBA [90]. (D) Illustration of the construction of the PVA hydrogel CPC; the photographs show the forward-diffraction color change from red, through yellow, to green [91]. (E) Scheme of equilibrium between boronic acid and glucose in dilute solution: boric acid and borate ions can be formed (R1), and boronic acid can reversibly bind glucose both in its neutral trigonal form (R2) and its charged tetrahedral form (R3).