Table 1.
Mechanical properties and examples of several hydrogels [12].
| Materials | Examples | Tensile Strength | Tensile Modulus | Compressive Strength | Compressive Modulus |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional hydrogel [13,38] | PVA, PEG | 1~100 kPa | <100 kPa | 10~100 kPa | 1~100 kPa |
| Double network hydrogel [39,40] | Agar/PAM | 10 MPa | 1 MPa | 60 MPa | 100 kPa |
| Nanocomposite hydrogel [22,41,42] | PEG/clay | 255 kPa | 16 kPa | 3.7 MPa | 38 kPa |
| Macromolecular Microsphere Composite Gel [43] | MMS–AAm | 540kPa | 270 kPa | 78.6 MPa | -- |
| Tetra-PEG Gel [44,45] | PEG–NH2/PEG–COOH | 200 kPa | 90 kPa | 27 MPa | 100 kPa |
| Topological Gel [34,46] | Polyrotaxane | 20 kPa | -- | -- | 350 kPa |
| Cartilage [47,48] | -- | ~3 MPa | ~9 MPa | ~35 MPa | ~15 MPa |
| Collagen Fiber [13,49] | -- | ~75 MPa | ~1000 MPa | -- | -- |
| Ligament [50,51] | -- | ~16 MPa | ~250 MPa | -- | -- |