Table 1.
Cardiometabolic and nutritional characteristics according to age groups among patients with T2DM.
| Men (n = 767) | Women (n = 740) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≥70 (n = 200) | 60–69 (n = 282) | 50–59 (n = 171) | 35–49 (n = 114) | p for Trend | ≥70 (n = 271) | 60–69 (n = 238) | 50–59 (n = 135) | 35–49 (n = 96) | p for Trend | |
| Socioeconomic status | ||||||||||
| Education >12 years | 32 (18.6) | 46 (16.6) | 43 (24.4) | 54 (43.3) | <0.001 | 7 (2.6) | 8 (3.1) | 15 (9.9) | 33 (34.3) | <0.001 |
| Income (the highest quartile) | 18 (11.1) | 59 (20.5) | 57 (33.4) | 32 (26.6) | 0.001 | 25 (8.9) | 28 (11.3) | 35 (23.8) | 28 (32.2) | <0.001 |
| Single household | 16 (6.6) | 28 (8.4) | 17 (8.5) | 8 (8.3) | 0.938 | 100 (32.9) | 36 (12.5) | 8 (5.7) | 2 (2.5) | <0.001 |
| Anthropometric measurements | ||||||||||
| Height (cm) | 165.2 ± 0.4 | 166.7 ± 0.4 | 168.6 ± 0.5 | 172.8 ± 0.7 | <0.001 | 151.3 ± 0.4 | 153.7 ± 0.4 | 155.0 ± 0.6 | 157.8 ± 0.6 | <0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 66.2 ± 0.7 | 68.5 ± 0.6 | 71.9 ± 0.8 | 78.5 ± 1.6 | <0.001 | 57.9 ± 0.6 | 60.3 ± 0.6 | 61.5 ± 1.0 | 65.9 ± 1.5 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.2 ± 0.2 | 24.6 ± 0.2 | 25.3 ± 0.3 | 26.2 ± 0.5 | <0.001 | 25.3 ± 0.2 | 25.5 ± 0.2 | 25.6 ± 0.4 | 26.4 ± 0.5 | 0.040 * |
| WC (cm) | 88.1 ± 0.7 | 88.1 ± 0.6 | 88.9 ± 0.7 | 90.4 ± 1.1 | 0.030 * | 87.0 ± 0.7 | 85.8 ± 0.6 | 84.0 ± 0.9 | 85.5 ± 1.2 | 0.108 |
| Cardiometabolic parameters | ||||||||||
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 127.1 ± 1.4 | 124.3 ± 1.1 | 125.8 ± 1.33 | 123.2 ± 1.4 | 0.144 | 129.4 ± 1.1 | 129.7 ± 1.4 | 121.5 ± 1.3 | 114.7 ± 1.2 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 69.2 ± 0.7 | 74.3 ± 0.7 | 81.8 ± 0.86 | 84.2 ± 0.8 | <0.001 | 68.5 ± 0.9 | 74.3 ± 0.7 | 76.1 ± 0.8 | 76.9 ± 1.0 | <0.001 |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 132.3 ± 2.4 | 140.1 ± 2.1 | 147.9 ± 3.1 | 162.9 ± 4.4 | <0.001 | 130.9 ± 2.5 | 142.7 ± 3.1 | 141.3 ± 3.7 | 162.7 ± 5.3 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.04 ± 0.10 | 7.31 ± 0.08 | 7.42 ± 0.12 | 7.87 ± 0.20 | <0.001 | 7.10 ± 0.07 | 7.50 ± 0.11 | 7.25 ± 0.12 | 7.78 ± 0.18 | 0.002 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 171.0 ± 2.4 | 177.1 ± 2.4 | 181.2 ± 3.63 | 206.2 ± 5.0 | <0.001 | 179.3 ± 2.5 | 182.9 ± 3.6 | 197.2 ± 4.0 | 192.6 ± 4.9 | <0.001 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 152.1 ±10.2 | 185.2 ± 12.6 | 226.8 ± 12.9 | 290.7 ± 23.8 | <0.001 | 143.7 ± 4.7 | 168.7 ± 8.5 | 175.1 ± 10.9 | 148.6 ± 9.0 | 0.222 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 98.9 ± 3.3 | 104.0 ± 2.8 | 103.7 ± 3.50 | 119.0 ± 5.5 | 0.003 | 107.2 ± 3.5 | 108.7 ± 4.6 | 116.4 ± 4.4 | 119.0 ± 5.5 | 0.046 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 43.6 ± 0.8 | 44.3 ± 0.7 | 43.1 ± 0.70 | 44.1 ± 1.0 | 0.954 | 46.4 ± 0.8 | 46.8 ± 0.8 | 47.7 ± 0.9 | 48.3 ± 1.3 | 0.160 |
| Daily dietary intake | ||||||||||
| Total calorie (kcal) | 1824.3 ± 54.4 | 2080.1 ± 53.9 | 2301.2 ± 88.9 | 2389.4 ± 109.2 | <0.001 | 1394.3 ± 49.5 | 1574.5 ± 49.0 | 1755.8 ± 70.9 | 1735.2 ± 77.1 | <0.001 |
| Carbohydrate (%) | 69.4 ± 1.1 | 65.0 ± 0.9 | 61.5 ± 1.3 | 60.3 ± 1.5 | <0.001 | 74.2 ± 0.8 | 72.9 ± 1.0 | 67.3 ± 1.2 | 63.5 ± 1.6 | <0.001 |
| Fat (%) | 13.2 ± 0.7 | 14.8 ± 0.6 | 15.5 ± 0.7 | 18.4 ± 1.0 | <0.001 | 12.4 ± 0.6 | 13.2 ± 0.6 | 17.3 ± 0.9 | 19.8 ± 1.0 | <0.001 |
| Protein (%) | 13.3 ± 0.5 | 13.1 ± 0.3 | 13.7 ± 0.4 | 14.3 ± 0.4 | 0.018 * | 12.3 ± 0.3 | 12.9 ± 0.3 | 14.6 ± 0.5 | 14.4 ± 0.5 | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; BP, blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Values are presented as mean ± standard error (SE) or percentage (SE). * p values were calculated using post-hoc analysis.