Table 3.

Directionality of effects within metabolic groups as identified via nonparametric analyses.

	Nondiabetic Group (n = 84)	T2D Group (n = 42)	Notable Roles
10-nitrooleate	Lower in AD	-	Nitric oxide synthase regulation [15] Inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis via PPARγ activation [16,17] Damage mediation after reperfusion in cardiac ischemia [18]
14,15-DiHETrE	Higher in AD	-	Promotes vasodilation in preclinical models [19,20] Elevated in pregnancy-related hypertension [21]
11,12-DiHETrE	Higher in AD	-	Increased odds of vascular events* [22] Potential marker of ventricular arrhythmia [23] Promotes vasodilation in preclinical models [19,20]
8,9-DiHETrE	Higher in AD	-	Increased odds of vascular events* [22] Potential marker of ventricular arrhythmia [23] Promotes vasodilation in preclinical models [19] Elevated after treatment of ibuprofen in humans [24]
5,6-DiHETrE	Higher in AD	-	Potential marker of ventricular arrhythmia [23] Vasodilation in mouse due to increased nitric oxide availability [19] Elevated after treatment of ibuprofen in healthy males [24] Promotes vasodilation in preclinical models [20]
14,15-DiHETE	-	Higher in AD	Inhibition of platelet aggregation [25]
17,18-DiHETE	-	Higher in AD	Potential marker of ventricular arrhythmia [23] Inhibition of platelet aggregation [25]
17-HDoHE	-	Higher in AD	Anti-inflammatory action in preclinical models [26] PPARγ agonist in cell models [27]

Notable roles of oxylipins identified as being different between AD and cognitively healthy elderly individuals. Overall, the identified oxylipin species are consistently linked to vascular or inflammatory outcomes in prior studies. *Vascular events are defined as the occurrence of a transient ischemic attack, cerebrovascular accidents, stable angina, and acute coronary syndrome.