Table 1.

Physicochemical parameters of PVA/PDDA/NZ membranes.

NZ Content (%)	IEC (mmol·g−1)	WU (%)	SD (%)	TS (MPa)	Eb (%)	$\mathit{\sigma }$ (mS·cm−1)
0	0.54	102	43	6.73	138.32	27.3
1.0	0.52	93	43	7.21	134.34	28.3
1.5	0.52	89	42	10.87	245.27	31.6
2.0	0.57	84	40	10.13	207.64	26.5
2.5	0.52	73	29	13.96	228.87	28.9