Table 3.
Pre–post changes in pain outcomes. N = 69.
| Pre-Treatment M (SD) |
Post-Treatment M (SD) |
Statistics | Effect Size | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pain intensity (NRS) | 6.33 (1.62) | 4.97 (1.65) | t(68) = 5.82; p < 0.001 | d = 0.84 |
| Affective Pain Perception (SES-A) | 35.90 (9.60) | 30.12 (10.21) | t(68) = 4.43; p < 0.001 | d = 0.60 |
| Sensory Pain Perception (SES-S) | 31.94 (8.64) | 28.38 (8.02) | t(68) = 3.26; p = 0.002 | d = 0.41 |
Note: NRS = Numeric Rating Scale; SES-A = Affective Pain Perception Scale; SES-S = Sensory Pain Perception Scale; SD = standard deviation.