Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| First Author/Year | Study Design | CHD Types | Imaging Modality | Segmentation Software | Utility |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| * Lau et al. 2018 [2] | Cross-sectional | DORV with sub-aortic VSD | CTA | Mimics | Accuracy, pre-operative planning, communication, medical education |
| * Ma et al. 2015 [5] | Case series | ToF, ToF with ASD, ToF with PDA | CTA | Philips EBW Comp-Cardiac post-processing software | Accuracy, intraoperative orientation, impact on patients’ outcomes a |
| * Riesenkampff et al. 2009 [6] | Case series | DORV, VSD, LVOTO, CoA, RVOTO, AVSD, pulmonary atresia, pulmonary stenosis, TGA, congenitally corrected TGA | CTA/CMR | Medical Imaging and Interaction Toolkit | Pre-operative planning |
| * Schmauss et al. 2015 [7] | Case series | subpulmonary VSD, HLHS, pulmonary atresia and hypoplastic right ventricle, aortic stenosis | CTA/CMR | Amira, MeVisLab-Environment | Pre-operative planning, intraoperative orientation, pre-surgical simulation |
| * Shiraishi et al. 2009 [8] | Case series | CoA, DORV, VSD, HLHS | CTA | NR | Pre-operative planning, pre-surgical simulation |
| * Valverde et al. 2017 [9] | Prospective case-crossover | DORV, Complex TGA, univentricle, VSD, criss-cross heart, LVOTO, discordant AV and VA connections | CTA/CMR | ITK Snap | Accuracy, pre-operative planning, communication, medical education |
| * Bhatla et al. 2017 [10] | Case series | Complex muscular VSD, DORV | CTA/CMR | Mimics | Pre-operative planning |
| * Ejaz et al. 2013 [16] | RCT | NR | CTA | Advance Workstation (GE Health Systems), Mimics | Medical education, pre-operative planning |
| * Garekar et al. 2016 [17] | Case series | DORV with remote VSD | CTA/CMR | NR | Pre-operative planning |
| * Hoashi et al. 2018 [18] | Case series | DORV, TGA, congenitally corrected TGA, interrupted aortic arch Type B, ToF and MAPCA, HLHS, functional single ventricle, mitral stenosis, AVSD | CTA | NR | Pre-operative planning, pre-surgical simulation |
| * Loke et al. 2017 [19] | RCT | Unrepaired ToF, repaired ToF | CTA/CMR/echocardiography | Mimics | Medical education |
| * McGovern et al. 2017 [20] | Case series | univentricular heart, abnormal systemic or pulmonary venous drainage, dextrocardia, TGA, HLHS | CTA | Mimics | Pre-operative planning |
| * Ngan et al. 2006 [21] | Case series | VSD, pulmonary atresia, MAPCA | CTA | Mimics | Pre-operative planning |
| * Olejnik et al. 2017 [22] | Case series | interrupted aortic arch type A with aortopulmonary window type 2, dextroversion, DORV with subaortic VSD, CoA, ToF | CTA | 3D Slicer | Accuracy, pre-operative planning |
| * Olivieri et al. 2015 [23] | Case series | VSD | echocardiography | Mimics | Accuracy |
| * Olivieri et al. 2016 [24] | Cross-sectional | HLHS with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, supravalvar aortic stenosis, DORV with hypoplastic and stenotic aortic valve and hypoplastic aortic arch, aortic regurgitation, right partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection, left pulmonary artery sling, RVOTO, truncal valve regurgitation, double aortic arch, TGA with VSD and pulmonary atresia | CTA/CMR | Mimics | Medical education |
| * Parimi et al. 2018 [25] | Case series | HLHS post Glenn shunt, CoA, ToF with MAPCAs, pulmonary atresia | Rotational angiography | Osirix | Accuracy |
| * Ryan et al. 2018 [26] | Case control study | pulmonary atresia, ToF, DORV, truncus arteriosus, single ventricle | CTA/CMR | Mimics | Pre-operative planning, impact on patients’ outcomes |
| * Su et al. 2018 [27] | RCT | 3 different subtypes of VSD | CTA | NR | Medical education |
| * Wang et al. 2017 [28] | RCT | VSD, pulmonary atresia, MAPCA | CTA | Mimics | Medical education |
| * White et al. 2018 [29] | RCT | 3 different subtypes of VSD, ToF | NR | Philips IntelliSpace Portal | Medical education |
| * Zhao et al. 2018 [30] | Cross-sectional | DORV | CTA | Mimics | Accuracy, pre-operative planning, impact on patients’ outcomes |
| * Biglino et al. 2017a [4] | Pre-post study | ToF, TGA, CoA, pulmonary atresia, aortic stenosis with dilated ascending aorta, DORV, Ebstein’s anomaly | CMR | Simpleware | Communication |
| Biglino et al. 2015a [11] | RCT | CoA, pulmonary atresia, ToF, TGA, aortic stenosis, bicuspid aortic valve, total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage, double-inlet left ventricle | CMR | Mimics | Communication |
| Biglino et al. 2015b [12] | Cross-sectional | TGA, ToF, pulmonary atresia, CoA, HLHS, TCPC | CMR | Mimics | Pre-operative planning, medical education, communication |
| Biglino et al. 2017b [13] | Cross-sectional | repaired TGA, CoA, ToF, pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum, palliated HLHS | CMR | NR | Medical education |
| * Costello et al.2015 [15] | Pre-post study | 5 different subtypes of VSD | CMR | Mimics | Medical education |
| Costello et al. 2014 [14] | Pre-post study | 5 different subtypes of VSD | CMR | Mimics | Medical education |
* = articles that were included in the review. a patients’ outcome includes length of cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic cross-clamp time, mechanical ventilation time, duration of the surgery, patients’ readmission rate, length of hospitalization, and mortality rate. 3DPHM, three-dimensional printed heart models; AV, atrio-ventricular; AVSD, atrio-ventricular septal defect; ASD, atrial septal defect; CHD, congenital heart disease; CMR, cardiac magnetic resonance; CoA, coarctation of aorta; CTA, computed tomography angiography; DORV, double outlet right ventricle; HLHS, hypoplastic left heart syndrome; LVOTO, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction; MAPCA, major aortopulmonary collateral arteries; NR, not reported; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; RCT, randomized controlled trial; RVOTO, right ventricular outflow tract obstruction; SVC, superior vena cava; TCPC, total cavopulmonary connection; TGA, transposition of great arteries; ToF, Tetralogy of Fallot; VA, ventriculoarterial; VSD, ventricular septal defect.