Table 3.

Childhood pathological findings of pulmonary fibrosis compared to adults.

	Pediatric PF	Adult IPF/Probable IPF
Parenchymal distortion	+	+++
Cellular recruitment	+++	+
Extracellular matrix deposition	+	+++
Fibroblast foci	+/−	+++
Honeycombing	+/−	+++
Global pattern	Predominant NSIP mixed with alveolar proteinosis, DIP, and follicular bronchiolitis	Predominant UIP pattern

+/−: absent or moderate, +: moderate, +++: important; Abbreviations: PF, pulmonary fibrosis; IPF, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; NSIP, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia; DIP, desquamative interstitial pneumonia; UIP, usual interstitial pneumonia.