Table 2.
Risk of bias summary.
| Question and Nature of the Study | [34] | [33] | [35] | [39] | [36] | [37] | [30] | [40] | [28] | [29] | [38] | [31] | [32] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Human subjects and detailed description of the sample (validity and reliability studies) | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| 2. Qualification or competence of rater/s clarified (validity and reliability studies) | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | N | Y | Y |
| 3. Reference standard explained (validity studies) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N | N/A | N/A | N/A | N | N | N | N/A | Y | N |
| 4. Blinding of raters to the findings of other raters (inter-rater reliability studies) | Y | Y | Y | N/A | N | N | Y | N/A | Y | Y | N/A | Y | Y |
| 5. Blinding of raters to their own prior findings (intra-rater reliability studies) | N/A | Y | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N | Y | Y |
| 6. Variation in order of examination (reliability studies) | N | N | Y | N | N | N | Y | N/A | N | N | N | Y | Y |
| 7. Latency between application of reference and index test reasonably (validity studies) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N | N | N | N/A | Y | N |
| 8. Stability of the variable considered before repeated measures (reliability studies) | Y | Y | Y | N/A | Y | Y | Y | N/A | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| 9.Reference standard independent of the index test (validity studies) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N | N/A | N/A | N/A | N | N | N | N/A | Y | N |
| 10. Detailed description of index test (validity and reliability studies) | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| 11. Detailed execution of reference standard (validity studies) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N | N/A | N/A | N/A | N | N | N | N/A | Y | N |
| 12. Explanation of the withdrawals (validity and reliability studies) | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | N | Y | Y |
| 13. Appropriateness of statistical methods (validity and reliability studies) | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |