Table 5.

A summary of kinase inhibitors isolated from marine algae, 2014–2019.

Compound	Chemical Class	Marine Source	Drug Targets/Inhibitory Activity	References
55	bromophenol	red alga Rhodomelaceae confervoides.	RTKs, p-PKB/Akt	[68,69]
56	phlorotannin	brown seaweed Eisenia bicyclis	p-AKt	[70]
57	carotenoid	brown alga wakame seaweeds wakame (Undaria pinnatifida) and kombu (Laminaria japonica)	AKt, MAPK	[71,72,73]
58	bromophenol	red alga Polysiphonia morrowii	p-ERK	[74]
59–60	lipopoly-saccharide	brown seaweed marine alga (Eisenia bicyclis)	p-ERK1/2, p-JNK	[75]
61a	cyclic depsipeptide	marine cyanobacterium Moorea producens (formerly Lyngbya majuscula)	RTKs	[76]
62 a	bromo-honaucin	marine cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya crossbyana	AKt, ERK	[77,78]
63 b	cyclic depsipeptide	marine cyanobacterium Moorea producens	JNK	[79,80]
64	cyclic depsipeptide	marine cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya sp.	VEGFA/VEGFR2	[81,82]

^a This molecule is synthetic but designed based on a marine natural product. ^b Hoiamide A is JNK activator.