Table 6.

A summary of kinase inhibitors isolated from marine sponges, 2014–2019.

Compound	Chemical Class	Marine Source	Drug Targets/Inhibitory Activity	References
65	bromopyrrole alkaloid	Callyspongia sp. (CMB-01152).	CK1, CK5, GSK3β	[84]
66	indole alkaloids	Hyrtios erecta	STK (24.5 μg/mL)	[88]
67			STK (13.6 μg/mL)
68			STK (18.6 μg/mL)
69	sipholane triterpenoid	Callyspongia siphonella.	p-Brk, p-FAK	[89]
70	indole alkaloid	Geodia barretti	RIPK2 (8.0 μM) CAMK1a (5.7 μM) SIK2 (6.1 μM)	[90,92,93]
71	diarylpyrazine	Hamacanthins	PDGF-Rβ (0.02 μM)	[93]
72	tryptoline analogues	Fascaplysinopsis sp.	CDK4/D1 (0.35 μM)	[94,95,96,97,98]
73 a			CDK4 (10 μM)
74 a	alkaloid derivative	Fascaplysinopsis sp.	PI3K/Akt	[99]
75	bisindole alkaloids	Topsentia pachastrelloides	MRSA PK (60 nM)	[100]
76			MRSA PK (16 nM)
77			MRSA PK (1.4 nM)
78	macrocyclic oxaquinolizidine alkaloid	Xestospongia species.	PI3K, Akt	[101]
79–84	bromopyrrole alkaloids	Stylissa massa and Stylissa flabelliformis	GSK-3, DYRK1A, CK-1 (0.6–6.4 μM)	[102]
85	adociaquinone derivatives	Xestospongia sp.	inactive analogue	[108]
86			CDK9/cyclin T (3 μM)
87–88			CDK5/p25 (6 μM)
89	cyclic peptide	Amphibleptula	GSK-3β	[109]
90	polycyclic quinone	Petrosia	hexokinase II	[110]
91	halogenated alkaloid	Acanthostrongylophora ingens	CK1δ/ε (6 μM)	[111]
92	isomalabaricane triterpenoid	Jaspis stellifera	PI3K, Akt	[112]
93–95	guanidine alkaloids	Smenospongia sp.	CDK2/6	[113]
96–97	2-aminoimidazolone alkaloids	Leucetta and Clathrina	DYRKs (0.17 ~ 0.88 μM) CLKs (0.32 ~ 8.6 μM)	[114]
98–103	manzamine alkaloids	Acanthostrongylophora sp.	MtSK	[115,116]
104	bis-indole alkaloid	Topsentia pach astrelloides	MRSA PK	[117]
105	sphingolipid	Pachastrissa sp.	SphK1 (7.5 μM) SphK1 (20.1 μM)	[118,119]
106	polyfused-benzofuran	Aka coralliphaga	PIK-α (100 nM)	[122]

^a This molecule is synthetic but designed based on a marine natural product.