Table 1.

Examples of marine hotspots of genetic differentiation

Barrier to gene flow	Potential processes involved Vicariance (V) Temperature (T) Salinity (S) Hydrography (H)	References
Øresund and Danish Belts	S	Johannesson and Andre (2006)
Almeria Oran Front	V, H, S, T	Patarnello et al. (2007); Galarza et al. (2009)
Balearic Front	H	Galarza et al. (2009)
Siculo–Tunisian Strait	V, H, S, T	Bahri Sfar et al. (2000)
Cape Cod (Massachusetts)	V, H	Haney et al. (2007)
Cape Canaveral (Florida)	V, H, T	Avise (1992); Pelc et al. (2009)
Nova Scotia 44–45°N	T	Stanley et al. (2018)
Cape Mendocino (California)	C, H	Sivasundar and Palumbi (2010)
Point Conception (California)	V, H	Burton (1998); Pelc et al. (2009).
Cape Agulhas (South Africa)	H	Teske et al. (2014)
30°S Chilean biogeographic break	H, T	Ewers‐Saucedo et al. (2016)