Fig. 2.

Proportion of replicates (across 100) in which an XY to ZW turnover has occurred at T = 10⁵ generations, as a function of log₁₀(N_ehs) for h from 0.1 to 1 (black to gray scale), or log₁₀(N_es) for h = 0 (yellow), for different strengths of sexually antagonistic selection (c = 0, 0.005, and 0.02), and N_e = 1000. The vertical dashed line shows the threshold below which the Y starts accumulating deleterious mutations (log₁₀(N_ehs) = 1). The red horizontal dashed line shows turnover proportion (across 100 replicates) for a neutral case (h = s = c = 0)