Table 1.
Basic cytogenetic data in Varanidae
| Clade | Species | Subspecies | Reference | 2n | Karyotype | Sex chromosomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| niloticus clade | V. albigularis | King and King (1975)*1 | 40 | 40: 16(8,8) 24 | ZW | |
| albigularis | Present study | 3n = 60‡ | 60: 24(12,12) 36 | |||
| V. exanthematicus | De Smet (1981)† | 40 | 40: 16(8,8) 24 | |||
| Srikulnath et al. (2013) | 40 | 40: 16(10,6) 24 | ||||
| Present study | 40 | 40: 16(10,6) 24 | ||||
| V. griseus | griseus | King and King (1975) | 40 | 40: 16(16,0) 24 | ||
| De Smet (1981)† | 40 | 40: 16(14,2) 24 | ||||
| V. niloticus | niloticus | King and King (1975) | 40 | 40: 16(8,8) 24 | ZW | |
| Porter et al. (1994) | 40 | 40: 16(8,8) 24 | ||||
| indicus clade | V. indicus | indicus | King and King (1975) | 40 | 40: 16(14,2) 24 | |
| V. beccarii | Present study | 40 | 40: 16(14,2) 24 | ZW | ||
| V. boehmei | Present study | 40 | 40: 16(14,2) 24 | |||
| V. macraei | Present study | 40 | 40: 16(14,2) 24 | ZW | ||
| V. prasinus | Present study | 40 | 40: 16(14,2) 24 | ZW | ||
| salvator clade | V. bengalensis | Dutt (1968)† | 40 | 40: 16(8,8) 24 | ||
| bengalensis | Singh et al. (1970), Singh (1974) | 40 | 40: 16(14,2) 24 | |||
| De Smet (1981)† | 40 | 40: 16(16,0) 24 | ||||
| Patawang et al. (2017a, 2017b) | 40 | 40: 16(14,2) 24 | ZW | |||
| V. flavescens | Singh et al. (1970), Singh (1974) | 40 | 40:16(14,2) 24 | |||
| V. nebulosus | King and King (1975)*2 | 40 | 40: 16(14,2) 24 | |||
| V. rudicollis | Gorman and Gress (1970) | 40 | 40: 16(14,2) 24 | |||
| Present study | 40 | 40: 16(14,2) 24 | ||||
| V. salvator | salvator | King and King (1975) | 40 | 40: 16(14,2) 24 | ||
| De Smet (1981)† | 40 | 40: 16(16,0) 24 | ||||
| macromaculatus | Srikulnath et al. (2013) | 40 | 40: 16(14,2) 24 | |||
| Present study | 40 | 40: 16(14,2) 24 | ZW | |||
| varius clade | V. varius | King and King (1975) | 40 | 40: 16(14,2) 24 | ZW | |
| V. komodoensis | Johnson Pokorná et al. (2016) | 40 | 40: 16(14,2) 24 | ZW | ||
| gouldii clade | V. giganteus | King and King (1975) | 40 | 40: 16(10,6) 24 | ||
| V. gouldii | Matthey (1931)† | 40 | 40: 16(8,8) 24 | |||
| gouldii | King and King (1975) | 40 | 40: 16(10,6) 24 | |||
| flavirufus | King and King (1975) | 40 | 40: 16(10,6) 24 | |||
| Matsubara et al. (2014) | 40 | 40: 16(10,6) 24 | ZW | |||
| V. mertensi | King and King (1975) | 40 | 40: 16(10,6) 24 | |||
| Present study | 40 | 40: 16(10,6) 24 | ZW | |||
| V. panoptes | horni | Present study | 40 | 40: 16(10,6) 24 | ||
| V. rosenbergi | King and King (1975)*3 | 40 | 40: 16(10,6) 24 | |||
| Matsubara et al. (2014) | 40 | 40: 16(10,6) 24 | ZW | |||
| V. spenceri | King and King (1975) | 40 | 40: 16(10,6) 24 | |||
| tristis clade | V. glauerti | Present study | 40 | 40: 16(14,2) 24 | ZW | |
| V. scalaris | King and King (1975) | 40 | 40: 16(14,2) 24 | |||
| V. semiremex | King and King (1975) | 40 | 40: 16(14,2) 24 | |||
| V. timorensis | similis | King and King (1975) | 40 | 40: 16(14,2) 24 | ||
| V. tristis | orientalis | King and King (1975) | 40 | 40: 16(14,2) 24 | ||
| acanthurus clade | V. acanthurus | King et al. (1982) | 40 | 40: 16(14,2) 24 | ZW | |
| Matsubara et al. (2014) | 40 | 40: 16(14,2) 24 | ZW | |||
| Present study | 40 | 40: 16(14,2) 24 | ZW | |||
| V. gilleni | King and King (1975) | 40 | 40: 16(14,2) 24 | |||
| V. storri | King and King (1975) | 40 | 40: 16(14,2) 24 |
Karyotypes are described as follows: diploid chromosome number: number of macrochromosomes (number of bi-armed macrochromosomes, number of uniarmed macrochromosomes) number of microchromosomes
*1 Referred as V. exanthematicus albigularis therein
*2 Referred as V. bengalensis nebulosus therein
*3 Referred as V. gouldii rosenbergi therein
† Karyotypes described in these references were not considered in the ancestral state reconstruction
‡ Likely a case of spontaneous triploidy